正渗透技术中汲取液的研究进展

18120132JOURNALOFHARBINUNIVERSITYOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYVol.18No.1Feb．2013150040正渗透作为一种回收率高、能耗低、膜污染小的绿色膜分离技术被应用于海水淡化和污水净化过程中．正渗透是水分子通过选择性渗透膜从高水化学势区域向低水化学势区域的自发迁移过程，该过程的驱动力由汲取液与待处理液之间产生的渗透压差提供，而汲取液是决定这一过程驱动力的主要因素．本文介绍了正渗透技术的基本原理，并从环境友好的角度按照汲取液的回收及利用方式(加热或蒸馏回收、磁场或电场回收及膜法回收等)综述了汲取液的研究进展，对正渗透技术中汲取液的发展方向进行了展望．正渗透;汲取液;热法回收;电磁法回收;膜法回收TQ028.8A1007－2683201301－0061－06ResearchAdvancesonDrawSolutioninForwardOsmosisProcessWEIJin-zhiSUNXiao-junGONGZhengKeyLaboratoryofGreenChemicalEngineeringandTechnologyofCollegeofHeilongjiangProvinceSchoolofChemicalandEnvironmentalEngineeringHarbinUniversityofScienceandTechnologyHarbin150040ChinaAbstractForwardosmosisFOasagreenmembraneseparationtechnologyisusedintheprocessofdesal-tingseawaterandpurifyingpollutedwaterduetotheadvantageofefficientrecoverylowenergycostandlessfoul-ingmembrane．Forwardosmosisisaspontaneousmigrationprocessinwhichwatermoleculartransportsacrossasemi-permeablemembranefromthedomainwithhighosmosispressuretothatwithlowosmosispressureanddur-ingtheprocessthedrivingpowerisofferedbytheosmosispressuredifferencebetweendrawsolutionandfeedsolu-tion．Thusdrawsolutionisthemajorfactorcontrollingthedrivingpowerintheprocess．Thepaperintroducestheprincipleofforwardosmosisandreviewstheadvanceondrawsolutionfromthepointofviewatfriendlyenviron-ment．Atlasttheresearchdirectionofdrawsolutioninforwardosmosistechnologyisputforward．Keywordsforwardosmosisdrawsolutionrecoverybyheatrecoverybyelectricormagneticfieldrecoverybymembrane2012－12－10B2012041966—[e-mail]1963—[e-mail]1990—．0．．．．forwardosmosisFOreverseos-mosisRO．．1－3．、4－5．67、8、、、9－10．．、．．．、、11．11.1Elimelech8－912．．14．膜含盐的水盐水纯水汲取液（CO2/NH3）汲取液循环1FOHTINH3－CO2．．．60℃．25L/m2h95%．．FO0.25kWh/m3．NgHY1350℃100g36.6gNH4HCO34mol/LNH4HCO3NH4HCO33NH4HCO3NH32mg/L．1.2ChungTS142－35MPa．70℃2－．2618GeQC15PAA－NaMDFO－MD2．2－FO－MDPAA－Na0.48g·mL－166℃．PAA－NaPAA－Na．、．2．．16ChungTS．．17．4.2～17.5nm518．．ChungTSN－NaOHCaOH2－COOHNaOHCaOH2．Na+Ca2+－COOH．、．．．319．NFStep%3:ReconcentratecＭ（OH）nProduct%waterStep%4:Step%2:M（OH）nStep%1Draw%solution%Feed%solution320．33.1TanCH21ZhaoS22、．113.6mg/L≤500mg/L．232000mg/L．．36130g/L60g/L．NaCl、MgCl2、CaCl2、NH4HCO3、NH42SO4．24．25EDTA．EDTANaCl．EDTA．3.2Yangali-QuintanillaV26．LPRO．．．50%．4．DSFWFOPGCPPumpFCTCLPROPGFCPumpDilutedDSBalanceTC4FWDSCPPGFCTC4．．HTI27－28、29、30．HTI．、、、、．“”forwardosmosisbagFOB．、31－32．．、、．．33．5．．BrackishGroundwaterFertilizer%DrawSolutionDilutedFertilizerFOMembraneFertigationNetworkBrineFertilizer%SaltFreshwater54618PhuntshoaS34．9FO．KCl、NaNO3KNO3NH4H2PO4NH42HPO4CaNO32NH42SO4．1kg11～29L．5、、、．．、、、．、、．．．．．、、、、．1．J．20104351－357．2MELOMSCHLUTERHFERREIRAJetal．AdvancedPer-formanceEvaluationofaReverseOsmosisTreatmentforOilfieldProducedWaterAimingReuseJ．Desalination201025031016－1018．3．－J．20083421－8．4．J．2012759771－780．5．J．20123255－9．6．J．201130166－73．7MCGINNISRLELIMELECHM．GlobalChallengesinEnergyandWaterSupplythePromiseofEngineeredOsmosisJ．Envi-ron．Sci．Technol．200842238625－8629．8MCCUTCHEONJRMCGINNISRLELIMELECHM．ANovelAmmonia－CarbonDioxideForwardDirectOsmosisDesalina-tionProcessJ．Desalination200517411－11．9MCCUTCHEONJRMCGINNISRLELIMELECHM．Desali-nationbyAmmonia-CarbonDioxideForwardOsmosisInfluenceofDrawandFeedSolutionConcentrationsonProcessPerformanceJ．J．Membr．Sci．20062781－2114－123．10．J．2010333117－122．11LIDZHANGXYYAOJFetal．CompositePolymerHydro-gelsasDrawAgentsinForwardOsmosisandSolarDewateringJ．SoftMatter2011710048－10056．12MCGINNISRL．OsmoticDesalinationProcess2USPCT/US02/02740P．2002－05－21．13NGHYTANGWLWONGWS．PerformanceofForwardDirectOsmosisProcessMembraneStructureandTransportPhenomenonJ．Environ．Sci．Technol．20064072408－2413．14YENSKHAJAFMNSNMetal．StudyofDrawSolutesu-sing2-Methylimidazole－basedCompoundsinForwardOsmosisJ．J．Membr．Sci．20103641/2242－252．15GEQCWANGPWANCF．PolyelectrolytevPromotedFor-wardOsmosis-MembraneDistillationFO-MDHybridProcessforDyeWastewaterTreatmentJ．Environ．Sci．Technol．201246116236－624．16．J．20102981388－1398．17LINGMMWANGKYCHUNGTS．HighlyWater-SolubleMagneticNanoparticlesasNovelDrawSolutesinForwardOsmosisforWaterReuseJ．Ind．Eng．Chem．Res．201049125869－5876．18GEQCSUJCCHUNGTSetal．HydrophilicSuperpara-magneticNanoparticlesSynthesisCharacterizationandPerform-anceinForwardOsmosisProcessesJ．Ind．Eng．Chem．2011501382－388．19LINGMMCHUNGTS．Surface－DissociatedNanoparticleDrawSolutionsinForwardOsmosisandtheRegenerationinanIntegratedElectricFieldandNanofiltrationSystemJ．Ind．Eng．Chem．Res．20125115463－15471．56120SEMIATR．EnergyIssuesinDesalinationProcessesJ．Envi-ron．Sci．Technol．200842228193－8201．21TANCHNGHY．ANovelHybridForwardOsmosis-Nanofil-trationFO－NFProcessforSeawaterDesalinationDrawSolu-tionSelectionandSystemConfigurationJ．DesalinationWaterTreatm．201013356－361．22ZHAOSZOULMULCAHYD．BrackishWaterDesalinationbyaHybridForwardOsmosis-NanofiltrationSystemusingDiva-lentDrawSoluteJ．Desalination20122844175－181．23．－J．201231525－28．24GRAYGTMCCUTCHEONJRELIMLECHM．InternalCon-centrationPolarizationinForwardOsmosisRoleofMembraneO-rientationJ．Desalination20061971/2/31－8．25．J．201234379－83．26YANGALI－QUINTANILLAVLiZYVALLADARESRetal．Indire