英语修辞手法

FiguresofSpeech英语修辞Figuresofspeech(修辞)arewaysofmakingourlanguagefigurative.Whenweusewordsinotherthantheirordinaryorliteralsensetolendforcetoanidea,toheighteneffect,ortocreatesuggestiveimagery,wearesaidtobespeakingorwritingfiguratively.Commonformsoffiguresofspeech1.simile2.metaphor3.personification4.metonymy5.synecdoche6.irony7.epigram(paradox)8.repetition9.antithesis10.parallelism11.euphemism12.transferredepithet13.oxymoron14.alliteration15.hyperbole16.litotes17.anti-climax18.assonance19.periodicsentence20.rhetoricalquestion21.onomatopoeia22.pun23.antonomasia24.analogy1.Simile(明喻)acomparisonbetweentwounlikethingshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommon1.用likeThewaterlaygreyandwrinkledlikeanelephant'sskin.Hereyeswerejetblack,andherhairwaslikeawaterfall.2、用as表示Everytreeandeverybranchwasencrustedwithbrightanddelicatehoarfrost,whiteandpure,assnow,delicateanddefinedascarvedivory.Hisfacewasasgreyasashes.Asthelioniskingofbeasts,soistheeaglekingofbirds.3、用what表示Whatlightistotheeyeknowledgeistothemind.Readingistothemindwhatexerciseistothebody.Judiciouspraiseistothechildrenwhatthesunistoflowers.2.Metaphor(暗喻)acomparisonbetweentwounlikethings,butthecomparisonisimpliedratherthanstatedSnowclothestheground.Theshipploughedthesea.Alltheworldisastage,andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers....Theboywolfeddownthefoodthemomenthegrabbedit.Heswambravelyagainstthetideofpopularapplause.mainarteryoftransportationintheyoungnation'sheart3.Personification(拟人)afigurethatendowsobjects,animals,ideas,orabstractionswithhumanform,character,orsensibilityLifedealthimprofoundpersonaltragedies...theriverhadacquaintedhimwith......toliterature'senduringgratitude...Bitternessfedontheman...Americalaughedwithhim.TheMiddleEasterbazaartakesyou...Thewindowwinkedatme.dancingflashes4.Metonymy(换喻)(借代）afigureofspeechthatconsistsinusingthenameofonethingforthatofsomethingelsewithwhichitisassociatedInJapanthereisanincessantstrugglebetweenthekimonoandtheminiskirt.Shewasagirlwhoexcitedtheemotions,butIwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.heart:feelingsandemotionshead,brain:wisdom,intelligence,reasonMetonymycanbederivedfromvarioussources:a.NamesofpersonsUncleSam:theUSAb.Animalsthebear:theSovietUnionthedragon:theChinese(afightbetweenthebearandthedragon)c.Partsofthebodyheart:feelingsandemotionshead,brain:wisdom,intelligence,reasonShewasagirlwhoexcitedtheemotions,butIwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.greyhair:oldaged.Profession:thepress:newspapers,reportersetc.HemetthepressyesterdayeveningattheGrandHotel.thebar:thelegalprofessione.locationofgovernment,businessetc.DowningStreet:theBritishGovernmenttheWhiteHouse:theUSpresidentandhisgovernmenttheCapitolHill:USCongressWallStreet:USfinancialcirclesHollywood:AmericanfilmmakingindustryLet’sgotobednow.(bed---sleeping)Whatislearnedinthecradleiscarriedtothegrave.(cradle---birth,grave---death)Hispenwouldprovemightierthanhispickax.5.Synecdoche(提喻)withpartrepresentingthewholeorviseversaTwoheadsarebetterthanone.Manyhandsmakelightwork.Thefootballmatchwasaclosecontest.Intheend,Chinawon.Theworldknowshisworth.Thecitypostedasign,whichturnedouttobeverycontroversial.6.Irony(反语)afigureofspeechinwhichthemeaningliterallyexpressedistheoppositeofthemeaningintendedandwhichaimsatridicule,humourorsarcasmHiroshima---theLiveliestCityinJapanEachdayofsufferingthathelpstofreemefromearthlycarescongratulatemyselfonthegoodfortunethatmyillnesshasbroughtmemarchingbackwardstothegloriousageofthe16thcentury7.Epigram(paradox)(警句)(隽语）abrief,pointedsayingthathasthenatureofaproverbThebestepigramsarethoseinwhichthereisanapparentcontradictionbetweentheintendedmeaningandtheformoftheexpression.Likeantithesis,epigramisbasedoncontrast.Businessisbusiness.(Friendshipisfriendship.)Homeishome,beiteversohomely.(EastorWest,homeisbest.)Alittlelearningisadangerousthing.IgnoranceisthecurseofGod,knowledgethewingwherewithweflytoheaven.Thedayhaseyes,thenighthasears.Asnowyear,arichyear.Wordsarewomen,deedsaremen.Onehastobecrueltobekind.Warispeace.Freedomisslavery.Ignoranceisstrength.Morehaste,lessspeed.Howyoungaretheold?Thechildisfatheroftheman.(Wordsworth)Afriendtoeverybodyisafriendtonobody.Themoreyougive,themoreyouhave.多施多得。Amanwhoisfullofhimselfisempty.(Donne)8.Repetition(重复)Wehavebutoneaimandonesinglepurposenothingwillturnus---nothingWewillneverparley,wewillnevernegotiate...Thisisourpolicyandthisisourdeclarationasweshallfaithfullyandsteadfastly9.Antithesis(对偶)thedeliberatearrangementofcontrastingwordsorideasinbalancedstructuralformstoachieveemphasisManyarecalled,butfewarechosen.Speechissilver;silenceisgolden.Manproposes,Goddisposes.Deedsshowwhatweare,words,whatweshouldbe....betweenwhatpeopleclaimtobeandwhattheyreallyare......aworldwhichwilllamentthemadayandforgetthemforever10.Parallelism(排比)useofparallelpartsofrelevantmeaningsandsimilarstructurestoemphasizeorrenderdepthtothenarrationThepast,withitscrimes,itsfollies,anditstragedies...Isee,...Isee...thereturnofthebread-winner,oftheirchampion,ofthe