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专题七句子结构与特殊句式ⅠⅡⅠ.单句填空1.(2015福建卷,22改编)Acommonmemorytheyallhavetheirschooldaysistheschooluniform.2.(2015湖南卷,21改编)ItwaswhenwewerereturninghomeIrealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelpedsomeoneintrouble.3.(2015湖南卷,31改编)Alwaysinmindthatyourmaintaskistogetthiscompanyrunningsmoothly.4.(2015天津卷,3改编)OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheofficesherealizethatshehadleftthecontractathome.5.(2014大纲卷,25改编)—Who’sthatatthedoor?—isthemilkman.ofthatkeepdidItⅠⅡ6.(2014大纲卷,33改编)(call)metomorrowandI’llletyouknowthelabresult.7.(2014福建卷,29改编)Itwastheculture,ratherthanthelanguage,madeithardforhimtoadapttothenewenvironmentabroad.8.(2014湖南卷,21改编)Children,when(accompany)bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.9.(2014四川卷,3改编)WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschoolMr.Smithgotangry?10.(2014天津卷,1改编)Givemeachance,I’llgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.CallthataccompaniedthatandⅠⅡⅡ.单句改错1.(2015湖南卷,23改编)OnlyaftertalkingtotwostudentsIdiscoverthathavingstrongmotivationisoneofthebiggestfactorsinreachinggoals.2.(2015重庆卷,9改编)Bachdiedin1750,butitwasnotuntiltheearly19thcenturywhenhismusicalgiftwasfullyrecognized.3.(2014北京卷,24改编)Observingcarefullyifanychangeoccurswhendoingexperimentsinthelab.4.(2014大纲卷,26改编)Notonlythenurseswantapayincrease,theywantreducedhoursaswell.答案:1.I前加did答案:2.when→that答案:3.Observing→Observe答案:4.only后加doⅠⅡ5.(2014湖南卷,29改编)Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheartdoyoukeepgoodrelationshipswithothers.6.(2014湖南卷,30改编)Makingwhatyou’redoingtodayimportant,becauseyou’retradingadayofyourlifeforit.7.(2014湖南卷,33改编)It’snotdoingthethingswelike,butlikingthethingswehavetodowhichmakeslifehappy.8.(2014陕西卷,17改编)NosoonerhasMoYansteppedonthestagethantheaudiencebrokeintothunderousapplause.答案:5.do→will答案:6.Making→Make答案:7.which→that答案:8.has→hadⅠⅡ9.(2014重庆卷,10改编)—IspenttwoweeksinLondonlastsummer.—ThenyoumusthavevisitedtheBritishMuseumduringyourstay,mustn’tyou?10.(2013课标全国卷Ⅰ,28改编)Thedriverwantedtoparkhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolicenot.答案:9.mustn’t→didn’t答案:10.not后加to不论是解决短文改错题还是语法填空题,解决具体问题时,对于句子结构的分析是不可避免的。英语句子结构严谨,各成分之间的联系与相互影响非常紧密。虽然具体的句子变化万千,但是其核心结构还是有规律可循的。把握这些规律(如:简单句的基本句型结构),对于解决这两个题型可以说是掌握了“七寸”。该内容虽然在题目中不会直接考查,但是却是解决问题的根源所在。特殊句式体现了句子使用的灵活性。倒装、强调、省略等都是句子变化的常见手段。近些年的高考更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象,如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句,把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起,考查考生综合运用语言知识的能力。基于句子结构分析的解题流程示意图通过对句子的解析,我们从更加细微的角度理解和把握句子,这为解决短文改错和语法填空两个题提供了最终的解决办法。在此我们可以确定基本的解题流程。示例:Whenapersoniscuriousaboutsomething,itmeansheisinterestedinitandwishestoknowsomethingaboutit.Thereis1wrongwithcuriosityinitself.Whetheritisgoodorbad(考查语意联系:根据下文whether...goodorbad判断。答案:nothing)dependsonwhatpeoplearecuriousabout.Curiositysometimes2befoolishorwrong.Somepeoplewithnothingtodoarefullof(考查语意联系:根据sometimes来判断,此处指“有时会……”。答案:can)curiosityaboutwhattheirneighboursaredoing.Theyhaveastrongwishtoknowwhattheyarebringinghomeortakingoutside,or3theyhavecomehomesoearlyorlate.Tobeinterestedin(考查语意联系:根据curiosity判断,好奇心驱使疑问出现。答案:why)thesethingsissillybecauseitisnoneoftheir4toknowwhattheirneighboursdoorare(考查固定搭配及语意联系:noneofone’sbusiness“与某人无关”。答案:business)doing.Suchcuriosityisnotonlyfoolishbutalsoharmful.Mostprobably,itmayleadtosmalltalkwhichoftenbringsharmordisrespecttoothers,thus5(hurt)others’feelings.(考查分词做结果状语,逗号的作用应注意。答案:hurting)However,thereisaclevercuriosity—thecuriosityofwisemen,whowonderatallthegreatthingsandtrytofindoutalltheycanlearnaboutthem.ColumbuscouldneverhavefoundAmericaifhe6(notbe)curious.(考查虚拟语气:根据主句的动词结构及句意判断。答案:hadn’tbeen)JamesWattwouldnothavemadethesteamengine7his(承接上文实例,仍旧考查虚拟语气,空格后为名词,因此此处缺少介词。答案:without)curiosityabouttherisingofthekettlelid.Allthediscoveriesinhumanhistoryhave8(make)(考查动词语态:关注主语和谓语的关系。答案:beenmade)asaresultofcuriosity,sotheclevercuriosityisneverabout9(important)thingswhich(考查语义联系及构词知识:介词和名词之间应该用形容词,通过上文语意判断用否定意义的形容词。答案:unimportant)havelittleornothingtodowiththehappinessof10public.(考查固定搭配:名词前应该用冠词,thepublic为固定用法。答案:the)特殊句式高考试题中对倒装句、强调句、祈使句、省略、反意疑问句等的考查,要特别注意助动词或情态动词的使用。热点链接热点精练对于部分倒装的考查,在短文改错和语法填空题中,涉及较多的是助动词或者情态动词的使用。(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时。(2)否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表否定意义的介词短语atnotime,under/innocircumstances,innocase,bynomeans,onnocondition等置于句首时。Onlywiththegreatestofluckshemanagetoescapefromtherisingfloodwaters.答案:did—It’snice.NeverbeforeIhadsuchaspecialdrink!—I’mgladyoulikeit.答案:haveTheheadmasterwillnotpermitthechangeinthecourse;norheevengiveitathought.答案:will热点链接热点精练(3)当so/neither/nor位于句首时,可将其后的部分谓语置于主语之前,构成部分倒装。(4)hardly...when...,nosooner...than...,notonly...butalso...等连接两个句子且hardly,nosooner,notonly位于句首时,前一个句子用部分倒装,后一个句子不倒装。(5)在so...that...和such...that...句式中,如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时,主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。Suchgreatprogresshemakethathewaspraised.答案:didNosoonerIheardtheknockthanIopenedthedoor.答案:hadAtnotimeandinnocircumstancesChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapons.答案:will热点链接热点精练倒装句中不排除考查连词的使用Unsatisfiedhewaswiththepayment,hetookthejobjusttogetsomeworkexperience.答案:though/as对于强调句型的考查,集中在that或it的使用上。有时可能涉及助动词的考查,例如用do/does/did对谓语进行强调(只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中)。Itiswhenhegotbackheknewwhathadhappened.答案:thatJacksaidhewouldcomeandhecome.答案:did热点链接热点精练祈使句的固定句式(1)祈使句+and+简单句表示“如果……就……”(2)祈使句+o