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PekingOpera•IntroductionofPekingOpera•RolesinPekingOpera•BasicSkills•facialmake–upinBeijingopera•KnownasChina'snationalopera,PekingOpera,whichoriginatedinthelate18thcentury,isasynthesisofmusic,dance,artandacrobatics.ItisthemostinfluentialandrepresentativeofalloperasinChina.IntroductionofPekingOperaDuringthereignoftheQianlongemperorintheQingdynasty,Qianlonghadainterestinthelocalopera.In1790,tocelebratehiseightiethbirthday,hesummonedoperatroupesfromdifferentplacestoperformforhiminBeijing.IntroductionofPekingOpera•FourfamoustroupesfromAnhuiprovinceremainedinBeijingafterthecelebration.•In1828,AHubeitroupecametoBeijingandoftenperformedtogetherwiththeAnhuitroupes.ThetwotypesofsingingmixedtogetherandgraduallyanewtypecomeintobeingknownasBeijingOpera.RolesinPekingOpera•InPekingOpera,therearefourroles:themaleandfemaleroles,thepainted-facerole,andthecomedicrole.Theseroleshavethenaturalfeaturesofageandsex,aswellassocialstatus,andareartificiallyexaggeratedbymakeup,costumeandgestures.Sheng•Sheng,amalerole,usuallyaleadingone,datesbacktotheSongandYuanDynasties.Accordingtotheageandsocialstatusofthecharacters.•Shengfallsintofivesub-groups:Laosheng,Xiaosheng,Wusheng,HongshengandWawasheng(charactersofchildren).•LaoshengisalsoknownasXusheng,meaningbearded,astheyaremiddle-agedorelderlymen.•Theysingintheirnaturalvoices,andtheiractionsareseriousones.Dan•TheDan(femalerole)isdividedintoQingyi,Wudan,andHuadan,respectivelyrepresenting:amiddle-agedwomanwhoalwaysactsasaMrsorMissfromanoblefamily;awomanwhocanfight;andayounggirlwhoservesasamaid.Jing•TheJing(painted-facerole)meansallkindsofpainted-facesandactsasthemalerolethathasaparticularpersonalityorappearanceChou•TheChou(comicfacewhichmeansclown)alwaysactsasawiseandfunnyfolkchivalrousman,oramanwhohaslowsocialstatus.BasicSkills•Thebasicskillsincludedancemovements,andspecialacrobaticmovementswhilesingingorreciting.Itisveryimportantforalloperaactorsandactressestomasterthesebasicskills.TypesofFacialMake-upinBeijingOpera•Asmentionedearlier,specifictypesoffacialmake-upinBeijingOperaareputontheactors'facestosymbolizethepersonalities,characteristics,andfatesoftheroles.•Usually,redfaceshavepositivemeanings,symbolizingbrave,faithful,andwisemen.•Anotherpositivecolorispurple,whichsignifieswisdomandbravery.Blackfaces,fortheirpart,usuallyhaveneutralmeanings,symbolizingjustbravemen;however,theycanalsorepresentuprightness.•Blueandgreenfacesalsohaveneutralmeaningsthatsymbolizetheheroofthebush,withtheformeralsohintingatstrengthandintrepidity.•Meanwhile,yellowandwhitefaceshavenegativemeaningsthatsymbolizeferocious,treacherous,andcraftymen.•Finally,goldandsilverfacessymbolizemysteriousness,andstandformonstersorgods.