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专题四阅读理解之观点态度和文章结构题高考24话题之(四)：饮食(Foodanddrink)近年来，人们普遍存在体重超标的现象，患肥胖症(obesity)的人越来越多，这对人们的身体健康极为不利。请结合右面的漫画，分析人们肥胖的原因，并提出可行的减肥方法和健康建议。【写作话题】①Somepeopleevensuffer_______obesity,_______canleadtoheartdisorder,highbloodpressureandotherhealthproblems.②Thereareseveralreasons________it.③Itisimportant______________(remember)thatthebodyneedspropercareinordertobe________(health)．【语法填空】fromwhichfortorememberhealthy①Alltheseisrichinfatandsugar,whichcaneasilymakepeoplefat.②Itrequireswellbalanceddietandproperexercise.③Sooneshouldeatrightfood,getenoughsleep,andexerciseregular.答案①is改为are②wellbalanced前面加a③regular改为regularly【语法改错】Itseemsthatmanypeopletodayareoverweight.Somepeopleevensufferfromobesity,whichcanleadtoheartdisorder,highbloodpressureandotherhealthproblems.【范文背诵】Thereareseveralreasonsforit.Somepeoplecouldn’tresistthetemptationofallkindsofdeliciousfood,suchhamburger,friedchicken,beerandsugarycola.Allthesearerichinfatandsugar,whichcaneasilymakepeoplefat.Oncewebecomeoverweight,itisnotaneasyjobtoloseweight.Itrequiresawellbalanceddietandproperexercise.Onecan’ttakegoodhealthforgranted.Itisimportanttorememberthatthebodyneedspropercareinordertobehealthy.Sooneshouldeatrightfood,getenoughsleep,andexerciseregularly.根据范文画线部分仿写下面情景：①青少年不要把吃早餐不当回事。___________________________________________②孩子们抵制不玩网络游戏的诱惑。___________________________________________答案①Teenagersshouldn’ttakehavingbreakfastforgranted.②Childrencan’tresistthetemptationofplayingonlinegames.【自主空间】A(2016·北京)Thecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.However,nowtheyarebecominganextendedperiodofadolescence,duringwhichmanyoftoday’sstudentsarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.做真题·悟高考［限时15分钟］Forpreviousgenerations,collegewasdecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededhelpfrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin.Inthepasttwodecades,however,continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily,thankstocellphones,emailandsocialmedia,haveincreasedsignificantly.Someparentsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework.Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsi-bility,universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.Toprepareforincreasedautonomyandresponsibility,collegeneedstobeatimeofexplorationandexperimentation.Thisprocessinvolves“tryingon”newwaysofthinkingaboutoneselfbothintellectually(在思维方面)andpersonally.Whileweshouldprovide“safespaces”withincolleges,wemustalsomakeitsafetoexpressopinionsandchallengemajorityviews.Intellectualgrowthandflexibilityarefosteredondebateandquestioning.Learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequallyimportant.Becauseacollegecommunity(群体)differsfromthefamily,manystudentswillstruggletofindasenseofbelonging.Ifstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviorandthinkingpattern,theyarenotfacingthechallengeoffindinganidentitywithinalargerandcomplexcommunity.Moreover,thetendencyforuniversitiestomonitorandshapestudentbehaviorrunsupagainstanothercharacteristicofyoungadults:theresponsetobeingcontrolledbytheirelders.Ifacceptablesocialbehavioristoostrictlydefined(规定)andcontrolled,theinsensitiveoraggressivebehaviorthatadministratorsareseekingtominimizemayactuallybeencouraged.Itisnotsurprisingthatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.Ourgenerationoncejoinedhandsandstoodfirmattimesofnationalemergency.Whatislackingtodayistheconflictbetweenadolescent’sdesireforautonomyandtheirunderstandingofanunsafeworld.Therefore,thereisthedesirefortheirdormstobereplacementhomesandnotplacestoexperienceintellectualgrowth.Everycollegediscussionaboutcommunityvalues,socialclimateandbehaviorshouldincluderecognitionofthedevelopmentalimportanceofstudentautonomyandselfregulation,ofthenecessarytensionbetweensafetyandselfdiscovery.[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。大学并不是温暖的家。大学时期应该是培养自主性和自我同一性的重要时期，也是孩子脱离父母控制的决定性时期。因此，学校不应该成为像家庭一样让孩子依赖的地方。1．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardcontinuedparentalguidancetocollegestudents?A．Sympathetic.B．Disapproving.C．Supportive.D．Neutral.解析观点态度推断题。作者在第一段介绍了大学生缺乏自主性和责任感的现象。第二个分析了两个方面的原因，一是由于现代通讯设备的发展使得大学生可以随时联系父母，父母也可以随时帮助他们，这样大学生仍然是依靠父母；二是大学也变得像家庭一样了，让大学生感觉到了安全，但也失去了自主性。作者的观点是主张大学生要培养自主性和责任感，所以他对于父母的这种作法是持否定态度的。答案B2．Theunderlinedword“passage”inParagraph2means________.A．changeB．choiceC．textD．extension解析猜测词义题。根据“Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility,universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.”中passage后面的from...to...可以推知，passage在此句中的意思是“转变”，即从家庭的庇护中转变到自主性和成年责任感。答案A3．Accordingtotheauthor,whatroleshouldcollegeplay?A．Todevelopasharedidentityamongstudents.B．Todefineandregulatestudents’socialbehavior.C．Toprovideasafeworldwithouttensionforstudents.D．Tofosterstudents’intellectualandpersonaldevelopment.解析推理判断题。根据第三段和第四段内容可知，大学应该注重大学生在思维和个人方面的发展。答案D4．Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?I：IntroductionP：PointSp：Subpoint(次要点)C：Conclusion解析文章结构推断题。第一段是引入段；第二段分析导致这种现象的原因，作为P1；第三段开始，作者就如何培养大学生自主性和责任感提出自己的观点，作为P2；