pronouns

Pronouns代词代词的分类人称代词PersonalPronouns物主代词PossessivePronouns反身代词SelfPronouns不定代词IndefinitePronouns指示代词DemonstrativePronouns疑问代词InterrogativePronouns中文主格宾格形容词性物代名词性物代反身代词我我们你你们他她它他们Imemyminemyselfweusouroursourselvesyouyouyouryoursyourselfyouyouyouryoursyourselveshehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格*Theyalllikehimverymuch.他们都很喜欢他。*Shegavethebookstoyouandme.这些书是她送给你和我的。2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格*Who’sknockingatthedoor?–It’sme.谁敲门？-是我。3.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”*You,sheandIallenjoythemusic.你我她都喜欢音乐。4.she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等*Weloveourmotherland,wehopeshe’llbestrongerandbigger.我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。*Theshipisleaving.She’sonherfirsttriptoBoston.轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。5.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等*What’theweatherliketoday?–It’swindy.今天的天气怎么样？-有风。*It’saboutfiveminutes’walkfromhometoschool.从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。6.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳*It’shardtoreachtheapples.很难够到苹果。*It’sgoodforyoutakingawalkaftersupper.对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。物主代词PossessivePronouns形容词性名词性mymineyouryourshishisherhersitsitsouroursyouryourstheirtheirs1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语*Mybrotherisaworker.我弟弟是个工人。*Hisparentsareveryfriendly.他的父母非常友善。3.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。*Thesebooksaren'tours.Oursarenew.(ourbooks=ours)*Thisisnotourroom.Oursisoverthere.(ourroom=ours)2.名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语*Whosedictionaryisthis?–It’smine.这字典是谁的？-我的。*Ourroomisbigandtheirsissmall.我们的房间大，他们的房间小。*Youmayusemypen.I’llusehers.你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。4.“of+名词性物主代词”表示所属*Asisterofhisisanurse.他的一个妹妹是个护士。*Tomisafriendofmine我的一个朋友1.反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语和同位语*Hethinksmoreofothersthanofhimself.他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。*Thatpoorboywasmyself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。*Hehimselfwasadoctor.他本人就是一个大夫。*Imyselfcanworktheproblemout.我能亲自算出这道题2.反身代词有以下常见搭配enjoyoneself=haveagoodtimebyoneself=alonehelponeselfto…learnsth.byoneself=teachoneselfsth.注意：oneself有单复数之分*Ienjoymyself.*Children,helpyourselvestosomefish.不定代词IndefinitePronouns不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词★all,each,every,both,either,neithernone,one,little,few,many,muchother,another,some,any,no★由some,any,no,every等构成的合成代词几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词1.some/any★some（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中*Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.★any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句*Doyouhaveanypicture-books?注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中*Wouldyoulikesomemeat?你想要些肉吗？*MayIasksomequestions?我可以问问题吗？*CouldIhavesomeapples?我可以吃苹果吗？*Willyougivemesomewater?你能给我些水吗？2.many/much★many修饰或指代复数名词*Therearemanyeggsinthebasket.*Manyofuslikeplayinggames.★much修饰或指代不可数名词*Hedoesn’tknowmuchEnglish.3.another/other★another泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个*Idon’twantthiscoat.Pleaseshowmeanother.★other后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的*Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?4.theother/others/theothers★theother1.特指两个中的另一个*Hehastwosons.Oneisaworker,theotherisadoctor.2.修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些*Tomlikesswimming,andtheotherboysinhisclasslikeswimming,too.★others泛指其他的人或物*Heoftenhelpsothers.*Someareplayingbasketball,othersareplayingfootball.★theothers特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物*Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.Twentyofthemaregirls,theothersareboys.5.few/afew/little/alittle★few/afew修饰可数名词little/alittle修饰不可数名词★few,little表示否定意义,译为“没有几个”，“没有多少”afew,alittle表示肯定意义,译为“有几个”，“有一点”*Therearefewpeoplelivinghere.这里几乎没人住。*Thereareafewstudentsintheclassroom.教室里有一些学生。*IknowlittleEnglish.我不懂英语。*Thereisalittlemilkinthebottle.瓶子里有些牛奶。★few和little与quite或only连用时，常加不定冠词a*Therearequiteafewnewbooksinthelibrary.图书馆里颇有些新书。6.every/each★every＋单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of连用*Everychildlikesplayinggames.★each表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of连用*Eachstudentwasaskedtotryagain.*Eachofthemhasaniceskirt.7.all/none★all“(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前*WeareallfromCanada.TheyalllikeEnglish.★none“没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可）*Noneofusis/areafraidofdogs.8.both/either/neither★both“（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数*Myparentsarebothteachers.=Bothofmyparentsareteachers.★neither“(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数*Neitheranswerisright.★either“两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数*Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.=Therearetreesonbothsidesofthestreet.★有关词组及应用A.bothof/eitherof/neitherof*Bothofthemswimwell.他们俩都游得很好。*EitherofyougoestoBeijing.你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。*Neitherofthemstoppedtohavearest.他们俩谁都不停下来休息。B.both…and（谓语动词用复数形式）either…or/neither…nor(谓语动词遵循就近原则)*BothTomandLucyareinGradeTwo.Tom和Lucy都在二年级。*Eithermyfatherormymothercooksathome.或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。*NeitherhenorIamfreetoday.我和他今天都没空。指示代词DemonstrativePronouns表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包括:this/that(单数)these/those(复数)1.this,these指在方位上较近的人或物that,those指在方位上较远的人或物*Thisismyshirt,that’syours.*TheseTVsaremadeinChina,thosearemadeinJapan.2.that,those常指前面提过的东西,以免重复*Theseboxesareheavierthanthoseonthedesk.3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that*Hewasillyesterday.I’msorrytohearthat.疑问代词InterrogativePronouns用来构成特殊疑问句的代词常见有：whowhomwhosewhatwhich通常做主语\宾语\定语\表语*Whatmakesyouthinklikethat?\做主语\*Who(Whom)wereyoutalkingwith?\做宾语\*WhichbusdoIneed?\做定语\*What’syourfather?\做表语\注意：在口语中，Who和Whom通用，但在介词后只能用Whom*Withwhomdidheplaygames?Withwhodidheplaygames?(错)2.Thisfilmislessinterestingthanthatone=Thisfilmisn'tasinterestingasthatone=Thatfilmismoreinterestingthanthisone.