Unit-3--Pronouns代词

Unit3Pronouns代词我们过了江，进了车站。我买了票，他忙着照看行礼。……这时我看见他的背影，我的泪很快地流下来了。我赶紧拭干了泪，怕他看见，也怕别人看见。我我的他他的别人WecrossedtheYangtzeandarrivedatthestation,whereIboughtaticketwhilehesawtomyluggage…Atthesightofhisburlybacktearsstartedtomyeyes,butIwiped擦themhastily急速的sothatneitherhenoranyoneelsemightseethem.(TranslatedbyHsienyiYangandGladysYang）Pre-task1Howmanypronounsdoyouknow?Canyougivealist?ImeweusyouThisThatTheyHeSheTheyItPre-tasks2DiscusswithyourpartneranddothefollowingexercisesconcerningEnglishpronouns.MultipleChoices—DoyoumindifCharlieborrowsafewhundreddollarsfromyou?—I’mafraidIdo.I’llbegladtolendmoneyto________butCharlie.A.someoneB.everyoneC.anyoneD.nooneCTheboyspentasmuchtimeplayingcomputergamesashe________studying.A.doesB.wasC.hadD.didD—IwanttohavemyCDplayerfixed,butIcan’tfindarepairshop.—Oh,Iknow________.Comeon,I’lltakeyouthere.A.oneB.theoneC.onesD.manyCWillyouseeto________thattheflowersarewellprotectedduringtherainyseason?A.itB.meC./D.yourselfA—Hehastwobrothersandthreesisters.Doyouknow________ofthem?—No,Iknow________ofthem.A.some;noneB.any;someC.any;noneD.either;someC代词的种类人称代词I物主代词my反身代词myself相互代词eachother指示代词this疑问代词who不定代词some连接代词whom关系代词that3.1人称代词为表示”你、我、他”等的词3.1.1formsandusesofpersonalpronouns人称代词的主格形式在句子中作主语，宾格形式在及物动词中作宾语或介词的宾语3.1.2it3.1.1personalpronouns(nominative主格&accusative宾格)numbercasepersonsingularpluralNominative主格Accusative宾格nominativeaccusativeFirstImeweusSecondyouyouyouyouthirdhehimtheythemsheherititusesofpersonalpronounsi.accusative:logicalsubjectofgerundIrememberhimplayingthepianoverywell.ii.cleftsentence:subject-nominative;object-accusative（分裂句，即强调句）iii.you,heandI;heandI你、他、我NOTE:IandTomaretoblame.iv.noun+pronoun(exceptyou)you,MaryandI;Smithandhev.she:country,city,theearth,themoon,ship3.1.2it一般情况下，表示人以外的动物和东西，是单数名词的代词，译为“它”。但it还可用来指天气、时间、距离等。这时并不译为“它”。i.babyorinfant婴儿ii.it:itemmentionedaboveiii.it:weather,time,distance,seasoniv.cleftsentence强调句3.2物主代词possessivepronouns(adjectival&nominal)singularpluralfirstsecondthirdfirstsecondthirdadjectivalmyyourhisheritsouryourtheirNominal名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs表示所有关系的代词，称为物主代词，分为：形容词性物主代词（例如：my）、名词性物主代词（例如：mine形容词性物主代词只能作关系代词；名词性物主代词可作主语和宾语。i.形容词性物主代词只能作关系代词adjectivalpossessivepronoun:onlybeforenoun,notaloneii.名词性物主代词可作主语、宾语和表语nominalpossessivepronoun:subject,object,predicativeiii.“of+名词性物主代词”可以作关系代词singularnoun+of+nominalpossessivepronoun:part-whole;feelingse.g.afriendofmineiv.all/both+possessivepronounTheyareallmybestfriend.3.3反身代词reflexivepronounssingularpluralfirstmyselfourselvessecondyourselfyourselvesthirdhimselfherselfitselfthemselves表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”等概念的代词称为反身代词（例如：myself,yourself）反身代词在句中可作为：宾语、名词与代词的同位语、与介词搭配表特殊意义。i.作宾语enjoy,apply,pride,help,adapt+oneself:TheyoungmanteacheshimselfJapaneseii.在句中作名词、代词的同位语，用来加强名词或代词的语气，表示“亲自”“本人”的意思，通常紧跟在名词、代词之后，但也可位于句末。Ididtheworkmyself./I'llasktheteacherhimselfaboutmyexamsIii.setexpressions:byoneself（不要别人帮忙）单干Johndrewthepicturesallbyhimself.ofoneself自动地foroneself替自己，为自己inoneself本性，本身betweenourselves咱俩私下说，不可告诉他人，常作插入成分或表语Thematterisbetweenourselves.amongourselves在我们之间teachoneself/seatoneself/loseoneself3.4相互代词reciprocalpronouns表示一种相互关系的代词称为相互代词(例如:eachother,oneanother)。eachother着重指两者之间:twooneanother:指三者或三者以上之间threeormore相互代词在句子中作动词或介词的宾语Theywritetoeachothereveryweek.Weshouldlearnfromeachother.相互代词含有所有格形式，只能作关系代词Theyputsmallpresentsineachother’sstockings.长袜有时在中文字面上没有“相互”“彼此”等字样，但译成英语时要用eachother,oneanotherTheydon'toftenseeeachothernow.他们现在不常见面3.5指示代词Demonstrativepronouns表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等意思的代词称为指示代词（例如：this,that)Hehadabadcold._____iswhyhedidn’tattendthemeeting.A.thisB.thatC.theseD.those用法：代替名词作主语、宾语、表语；代替形容词作关系代词；表示时间与空间中人事物的远近；承上启下等i.在句子中代替名词作主语、宾语、形容词，也可代替形容词作关系代词Thisismydictionary./Ilikethis(these),whileshelikesthat(those)./WhatIwantisthis./Thesesheepareallfat.ii.This和these一般用来指时间或空间上较近的人或物，而that和those则常指时间或空间上较远的人或物Thesearejeeps吉普车.Thosearebuses.iii.this.these常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；而that常指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用WhatIwanttotellyouisthis:thefilmwillbeonatseven.iv.That,those的特殊用法：有时用来代替前面出现过的名词，以避免重复。that代替单数;those代替复数。常用thatof/thoseof。ThisfilmisnotasinterestingasthatIsawyesterday./HesaysthatthecarsmadeinJapanarebetterthanthosemadeinAmerica.(those=thecars)v.usual:sucha/an;NOTE:all/no/one/few/several/some/any+suchvi.thesamevii.that的特殊用法：用做副词Ican'tspeakthatfast./Icanalsowalkthisfar.3.6疑问代词interrogativepronouns用于表达疑问的代词叫作疑问代词〔例如who,when,where,which,what)4.6.1who/whom/whose4.6.2what/which疑问代词用来引导特殊疑问句，有who,when,where,which及what，它们通常位于句首作句子的某一部分3.6.1who/whom/whose主格形式作主语，宾格形式作宾语，所有格作关系代词。i.who:subjectorpredicative;whom:objectii.whose:possessive3.6.2what一般指事物，可以作主语、表语、宾语和关系代词/which指人或事物，可以作主语、宾语和关系代词i.whichwithinascope范围;what:noscopeWhichonedoyouprefer,thisbookorthatbook?Whatharmdoesitdoafterall?疑问代词作主语时，动词用单数还是复数形式，要根据它们代表的数决定。如果没有指示特定的人事物，动词多用单数形式。What’sinthebox?/Whois/areintheroom?what和who开头的疑问句都可以指人，但what一般是问人的职业，用who一般是问人的身份。􀃑Whatishismother?Sheisateacher.Whoisshe?Sheismymother.3.7.1all,bothboth和all均表示“都”的含义，both指“两者都”，all指“三者或以上”。i.all作主语指