虚拟语气的特殊用法

1585164914388第1页3/25/2020虚拟语气的特殊用法江苏省郑集高级中学李博雅一．在动词suggest(提议,提出,建议),advise(劝告,忠告),order(命令,下令,吩咐),demand(要求),propose(提议),require(要求),insist(坚持,坚决主张),command(命令),request(请求,恳求),desire(请求),prefer(提出)等动词后的宾语从句的谓语，这些词的过去分词作表语时主语从句的谓语，以及这些词的名词同位语从句、作主语时的表语从句的谓语常用“should+动词原形”构成的虚拟语气,should可以省略。如：1.ThemandemandedthatTom(should)apologize.2.Heinsistedthatwe(should)takeupthematteratthemeeting.3.Irequestedthathe(should)usehisinfluenceonmybehalf.4.Thegeneralorderedthesoldiers(should)crosstheriveratonce.（宾语从句）=Thegeneral’sorderwasthatthesoldiers(should)crosstheriveratonce.（表语从句）=Itwasorderedthatthesoldiers(should)crosstheriveratonce.（主语从句）=Thegeneralgavetheorderthatthesoldiers(should)crosstheriveratonce.（同位语从句）5.Isuggestthathe(should)becareful.（宾语从句）=Mysuggestionisthathe(should)becareful.（表语从句）=Itissuggestedthathe(should)becareful.（主语从句）=Igavehimthesuggestionthathe(should)becareful.（同位语从句）二．在动词wish后的宾语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，现在或将来的动作用过去式(常含有情态动词could或would)；过去的动作用过去完成式。wish用过去式，从句中与wished同时发生的动作或在将来发生的动作仍用过去式(也常含有情态动词could或would)；在wished之前发生的动作用过去完成式。如：1.HowIwishIcouldflytothemoon.2.HewishesIhadcomeyesterday.3.Iwishedhecouldcometogivemeahand.4.Wewishedhehadreceivedthenewstwodaysearlier.三．在以inorderthat,sothat引导的状语从句中，谓语常用“may,might,can,could,will,would,should+动词原形”构成的虚拟语气。有时也可用“should+动词原形”，特别是从句为否定结构。如：1.Theteacherspokeslowlysothatthestudentscould/mighthearclearly.2.Whatisneededinorderthatelectricalchargesmaymove?3.ShestoodawaysothatIshouldenterfirst.4.IgotupearlysothatIshouldnotmissthetrain.四．在hadbetter表示建议或劝告时，其后的从句谓语用过去式构成的虚拟语气。如：Ihadbetteryoucameyesterday.五．在“Itis(high/about)timethat-clause.”句型中，从句的谓语常用过去式或should加动词原形构成的虚拟语气。如：1585164914388第2页3/25/20201.Itistimewehad/shouldhavelunch.2.It’s(high)timeIwentandpickedup/shouldgoandpickupmylittlegirlfromschool.六．在“would/hadratherthat-clause，wouldsoonerthat-clause”结构中,从句的谓语用虚拟语气。现在或将来的动作用过去式，过去的动作用过去完成式。如：1.Iwouldmuchratheritwasforgotten.2.WouldyouratherIdidit?3.Ihadratheryoudidit.4.I’dratheryouknewthatnow,thanafterwards.5.Iwouldrathertheyhadgonetheretoo.6.Icouldgomyselfbutwouldsooneryouwent.七．在“wouldratherdosth.thanthat-clause”结构中的从句谓语，应用“should+动词原形”构成的虚拟语气。如：Iwouldratherloseadozenofcherrytreesthanthatyoushouldtellalie.八．在“wouldratherthat-clausethanthat-clause”结构中，两从句的谓语用虚拟语气。现在或将来的动作用过去式，过去的动作用过去完成式。如：1.Iwouldratheryoushowedmewithyourheartsthanyoupromisedmewithyourwords.2.IwouldratheryouhaddoneitthanTomhad.九．在asif,asthough,evenif,eventhough引导的状语从句中，谓语常用虚拟语气(现在的动作用过去式，过去的动作用过去完成式)。如：1.Theoldmachineoperatesasifitwere/wasanewone.(现在的动作)2.Eventhoughshehadbeenverybusy,shewouldhavehelpedus.(过去的动作)十．含有介词without,butfor,exceptfor短语的句子，谓语常用虚拟语气，现在的动作用“should或would+动词原形”，过去的动作用“should或wouldhave+过去词”。如：1.ButforChairmanMao,weshouldatleastbewanderingaboutinthedarkness.2.Withoutyouradvice,Iwouldhavefailed.十一．在含有“ifitwerenotfor+宾语”或“wereitnotfor+宾语”及“Butthat+从句”表示的假设条件从句时，主句谓语应用虚拟语气，现在的情况用“情态动词的过去式+动词原形”，过去的情况用“情态动词的过去式+动词的完成式”。如：1.WereitnotfortheleadershipofourParty,wecouldnotliveahappylife.2.HaditnotbeenfortheleadershipofourParty,weshouldhavefailed.(属wereitnotfor的过去完成式)3.Butthathesawit,hecouldnotbelieveit.4.IfitwerenotfortheleadershipoftheParty,weshouldfail.5.Ifithadnotbeenforthehelpofourteacher,weshouldnothavemadesomuchprogress.6.★Ifitwerenotforthecollectivestrength,itwouldn’thavebeenpossibleforustolivesowell.7.★Ifithadnotbeenforme,youwouldnotbefree.十二．在“Itis/was+adj.+that-clause”句型中，从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”构成的虚拟语气，should常省略。其中形容词常为:necessary,important,strange,right,fair,just,better,natural,impossible,reasonable等。如：1.Itisnecessarythathe(should)besentthereatonce.1585164914388第3页3/25/20202.Itwillbebetterthatwemeetsomeothertime.3.Itisrightthatoneshouldspeakwelloftheabsence.十三．在Itisdesired,Itissuggested,Itisrequested,Itwasproposed,Itwasordered,Ithadbeendecided,Itissurprising/amazing/shocking,Itisdisappointed等结构后的主语从句的谓语常用“should+动词原形”构成的虚拟语气，should可以省略。如：1.Itisnotsurprisingthatheshouldhavefailed.2.Itisn’tsurprisingthatTom(should)marryMary.3.Ithasbeendecidedthatthemeeting(should)bepostponedtillnextSaturday.十四．名词suggestion,plan,idea,motion,proposal,order,advice,insistence,desire等的同位语从句以及它们作主语时的表语从句中的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”构成的虚拟语气，should也可省略。如：1.Myideaisthatwe(should)sendhimtothehospital.2.Whatdoyouthinkofhisproposalthatwe(should)putonaplayattheEnglishevening?3.Hewasdumbfoundedatherinsistencethathe(should)explainwhereeverycentofhisallowancehadgone.4.Hespokeabouthiscountry'sdesirethatfriendlyrelationsshouldbeestablished.十五．在以wh-ever,nomatterwh-clause引导的让步状语从句中的谓语常用“may+动词原形”构成的虚拟语气。如果指的是过去的动作，用“mayhave+过去分词”。如：1.Whateverdefectshemayhave,heisanhonestman.2.Iwon’tletyouinwhoeveryoumaybe/nomatterwhatyoumaysay.3.Youmustn’tbeproud,howevermuchyoumayhaveachieved.十六．在连词lest引导的状语从句中，谓语常用“should+动词原形”构成的虚拟语气，should可以省略。如：1.Hetookanumbrellawithhimlesthe(should)becaughtinashower.2.Ifeared/wasafraidlestthekid(should)falldownthestaircase.十七．在“forfear(that),incase(that)”引导的状语录从句中，谓语常用“should+动词原形”构成的虚拟语气。如：1.Hestudiedveryhardforfear(that)heshouldfailintheentranceexamination.2.Pleaseremindmeofitincase(that)Ishouldforget.十八．动词