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Unit3单元目标1.了解一些常用的委婉语，并知道如何来使用，懂得语言表达是分场合的。2.了解同位语从句的结构，学习用同位语从句造句。3.练习基本阅读技巧：通过连接词理解句与句之间的逻辑关系。要点精讲1．关键词：语言知识类answertheneedsof,complainabout,insteadof,asamatterofcourse,layemphasison,followthethreadof,ripoff,ingeneral,asaresult,giveup交际功能类1)缩写：ASAP(assoonaspossible)BTW(bytheway),DIY(doityourself)IMHO(inmyhumbleopinion),PTO(pleaseturnover)2)委婉语：restroom,answerthecallofnature,passaway,depart,sanitationman,accesscontroller,househelp2．功能：1)MakingsuggestionsandGivingadviceonImprovingone’sEnglish(就提高英语提出建议或给出意见)A.MayIaskforyouradviceon…?I’dliketoaskforyouradviceon….Couldyougivemesomeadviceon…?Iwonderifyoucouldgivemesomeadviceon…What’syoursuggestion?Ifyouwereme,whatwouldyoudo?B.Whydon’tyougototheEnglishCorner?WhynotgototheEnglishCorner?Whatabout/HowaboutgoingtotheEnglishCorner?You’dbetterpractiseiteveryday.Isuggest/proposethatyoushouldlistentoEnglishprogramsregularly.IfIwereyou,I’dfindsomeonetohelpmewithmygrammar.ItmightbeagoodideatowatchsomegoodEnglishmoviesathome.Don’tyouthinkitmightbeagoodideatochatinEnglishontheInternet?Haveyoueverthoughtofattendinganeveningschool?2）Explainingthecontentofanabstract(“同位语从句”说明抽象名词的内容）WearedelightedatthenewsthatBeijingwillhostthe2008OlympicGames.IhadnoideawhetherhewouldhelpmewithmyEnglish.Thequestionwhodestroyedthecarstillworriesme.3．语法点：同位语从句一、同位语从句的引导词引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。1.由that引导Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我们听到消息说我们队赢了。Theywereworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.他们为你生病发愁。Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.明天放假的消息不实。I’vecometotheconclusionthatitwasunwisetodothat.我得出结论这样做是不明智的。Thefactthatthemoneyhasgonedoesnotmeanitwasstolen.那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。HereferredtoCopernicus’statementthattheearthmovesroundthesun.他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。【注意1】在某些名词(如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如：Theywerefacedwiththedemandthatthistaxbeabolished.他们面对废除这个税的要求。Theyexpressedthewishthatsheaccepttheaward.他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。TherewasasuggestionthatBrownshouldbedroppedfromtheteam.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。Thesuggestionthatthenewrulebeadoptedcamefromthechairman.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。Theresolutionthatwomenbeallowedtojointhesocietywascarried.允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。Icanunderstandtheireagernessthatyoushouldbethemainspeaker.我理解他们希望你作主要发言人的殷切心情。【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。如：HegabbedhissuitcaseandgavetheimpressionhewasboardingtheTokyoplane.他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。2.由whether引导Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillcome.他是否会来还不一定。Answermyquestionwhetheryouarecoming.你回答我的问题：你来不来。Thequestionwhetheritisrightorwrongdependsontheresult.这个是对还是错要看结果。Wearenotinvestigatingthequestionwhetherheistrustworthy.我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。【注意】whether可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。3.由连接代词引导Haveyouanyideawhattimeitstarts?你知道什么时候开始吗?From1985-90Iwasaninstructorattheregionalpartyheadquarters.AfterthatIwentbacktoworkinafactory.ThenIhadnoideawhatacasinowas.从1985年到1990年我是地方党部的教员。随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不知道赌场是什么样的地方。4.由连接副词引导Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.我不知道他什么时候回来。Itisaquestionhowhedidit.那是一个他如何做的问题。Hehadnoideawhysheleft.他不知道她为什么离开。YouhavenoideahowworriedIwas!你不知道我多着急!二、关于分离同位语从句有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。如：Thestorygoesthathebeatshiswife.传说他打老婆。Thenewsgotaboutthathehadwonacarinthelottery.消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。Therumourspreadthatanewschoolwouldbebuilthere.谣传这里要盖一所新学校。ReporthasitthattheSmithsareleavingtown.有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。Theordersooncamethatallcitizensshouldevacuatethevillage.不久命令下来，所有居民都必须撤出村子二、同位语从句与定语从句的区别1．意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：Wearegladatthenewsthathewillcome.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是thathewillcome，故that引导的是同位语从句)Wearegladatthenewsthathetoldus.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制thenews的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)2.引导词的不同what,how,if,whatever等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。3.引导词的功能上的不同that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例thathetoldus中的that就充当told的宾语。4.被修饰词语的区别同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope,wish,idea,news,fact,promise,opinion,suggestion,truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，when和where引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词thereason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：Ihavenoideawhentheywillcome.我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIlivedthere..我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)(from)Wedon’tunderstandtheproblemwhythisisthebestchoice.我们不明白这个问题，为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句)Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcometothemeetingisthatheisill.他未能来开会，原因是他生病了。(定语从句)典型例题【例1】Itissaidthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities，thisistheinformation____hasbeenputforward.A.whatB.thatC.whenD.as【答案】B【解析】thathasbeenputforward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。【例2】Sheheardaterriblenoise,____broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that【答案】B【解析】分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为aterriblenoise，且它在从句中作主语。针对训练1．IwonderwhyJenny_______usrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.A.hasn’twrittenB.doesn’twriteC.won’twriteD.hadn’twritten2．—CanyourepeatwhatIsaidjustnow?—Iamsorry.I_______.Wouldyoupleasesaythatagain?A.didn’tlistentoB.wasn’tlisteningtoC.wasn’tlisteningD.didn’tlisten3．When________toacertaintemperature,watercanbeturnedintovapour