新编英语教程第三版-unit8-cultivating-a-hobby

CaltivatingaHobbyWinstonChurchillByGroup1--SpecialPresentationPlanI.Introductionoftheauthor--CheyenneII.Somerelevantinformationaboutthetopic--VivianIII.Mainidea&organization--RubyIV.Explanationofwords&sentencesintext1--ClaireV.Themetaphor&useofsynonymousexpressions--NicoleChurchill'sfamily•Churchill'sfatherwasapolitician;andhismotherwasthedaughterofAmericanmillionaire.•HiswifewasClementineHozier.Theyhavefivechildren:Diana,Randolf,Sarah,Marigold,MaryChurchill'personallife•bornin1874,diedin1965•attheageof7,hewassenttoindependentschool(naughty,badatstudy,worststudent)•in1893,heappliedtoattendtheRoyalMilitaryCollege,Sandhurst•inFebruary1895,commissionedasasecondlieutenantinthe4thQueen'sOwnHussars(第四骠骑兵团任中尉)SirWinstonChurchill•oneoftheoutstangdingleaderintheworldhistoryandoneofthegreatBritishprimeministers•prolificwriter•amateurpainterChurchill'personallife--asaproloficwriter•in1897,threebrigadesoftheBritishArmyfoughtagainstaPashtuntribeintheNorthWestFrontierofIndia--duringthiscampaign,hefoughtunderthecommandofGeneralJefferyandalsowrotearticlesforthenewspapersThePioneer《加尔各答先驱报》andTheDailyTelegraph《每日电讯报》•basedonthosearticlesandthecampaignexperiences,hepublishedhisfirstbookTheStoryoftheMalakandFieldForce《马拉坎德野战军纪实》Churchill'personallife--asaprolificwriter•in1899,duringtheSecondBoerWar,hewascapturedthenescapedfromtheprisoncampalone,whichmadehimaminornationalheroforatimeinBritain•from1903to1905,ChurchillwasengagedinwritingLordRandolphChurchill,atwo-volumebiographyofhisfather•in1908,MyTriptoAfricawaspublished•in1930,MyEarlyLifewaspubilshedChurchill'personallife--asaprolificwriter•in1953,hewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteratureforhismasteryofhistoricalandbiographicaldescriptionaswellasforbrilliantoratoryindefendingexaltedhumanvalues•later,twoofhismostfamousworkswerepublished--TheSecondWorldWar&AHistoryoftheEnglish-SpeakingPeoplesChurchill'personallife--asanamateurpainter•Churchillwasanaccomplishedartistandtookgreatpleasureinpainting.Hesaidhefoundahaveninarttoovercomethespellsofdepressionwhichhesufferedthroughouthislife.•Churchillwaspersuadedandtaughttopaintbyhisartistfriend,PaulMaze,whomhemetduringtheFirstWorldWar.PaulwasagreatinfluenceonChurchill'spaintingandbecamehislifelongpaintingcompanion.AmericasMostPopularHobbies10.WatchingTV9.Sports8.Reading7.Computergames6.Socialsurfing5.Music4.Traveling3.Movie2.Shopping1.ThinkingTop10MostPopularHobbiesof201410.Sewing9.TinkeringwithTechnology8.Socialnetworking7.Artsandcrafts6.Photography5.Onlineshopping4.PlayingVideogames3.Sports2.Baking1.TravelMainidea•Thisthemeoftheessayistherolehobbiesplayinrelaxingthemindofrational,industriousandusefulhumanbeings.Thepurposeistoemphasizetheimportanceofcultivatingarightlychosenhobby.Organizationofthetext•Section1(para.1-2):Raisingthetopic:explainingwhatworryisandtheimportanceofahobbyinattenuating(削弱)worry•Para.1:explainthenotionof“worry”,butsomethingelseisimpliedby“insinuatesomethingelseintoitsconvulsivegrasp”and“illuminationofanotherfieldofinterest”•Para.2:thesisstatement:“Thecultivationofahobbyandnewformsofinterestisthereforeapolicyoffirstimportancetoapublicman”.•Section2(para.3-5):Classifyinghumanbeingsintothreecategoriesandemphasizingtheimportanceofhobbiestothem•Para.3-4:theclassificationofhumanbeingsintothreeclasses:–thosewhoaretoiledtodeath;–thosewhoareworriedtodeath;and–thosewhoareboredtodeath.•(Para.4:Fortheunfortunatepeoplewhocancommandeverythingtheywant,themosthopefulpathisdisciplineinoneformoranother.)•Para.5:theclassificationofrational,industrious,usefulhumanbeingsintotwoclassesandtheneedofhobbiestothem:–thosewhoseworkisworkandwhosepleasureispleasure,and–thosewhoseworkandpleasureareone.Explanationofwords&sentences1.spasm[ˈspæzəm]:cramp;asuddenstrongfeeling痉挛；一阵发作e.g.muscularspasmfacialspasmaspasmofanger/excitement/grief2.letsb.go:releasee.g.letthehostagesgoletsth.go:stopworryingaboutsth.e.g.It’stimetoletthepastgo.Explanationofwords&sentences3.futile[ˈfju:taɪl]:unsuccessful,ineffectivee.g.Theireffortstorevivehimwerefutile.4.insinuate[ɪnˈsɪnjueɪt]:introducesth.indirectlyandsubtlye.g.AreyouinsinuatingthatI'mnottellingthetruth?5.convulsive[kənˈvʌlsɪv]:sudden,violent,uncontrollablee.g.Sheburstintoaconvulsivesobs.6.undue[ˌʌnˈdju:]:excessivee.g.Anyexercisethatcausesundueshortnessofbreathshouldbestopped.Explanationofwords&sentences7.recuperation[rɪˌku:pə'reɪʃn]:recovery,restorationtohealthe.g.Afterseveraldays'recuperationinhospital,grandmafeelsmuchbetternow.8.policy:strategye.g.TheWhiteHouseannouncedthatthepolicyisunderreview.9.improvise[ˈɪmprəvaɪz]:dowithoutpreparation,doonthespote.g.IwasaskedtomakeaspeechwhenIgotthere,soIhadtoimprovise.Explanationofwords&sentences10.command:havecontrolof,bemasterofe.g.Hecommandsalargesumofmoney.11.sedulously['sedjʊləslɪ]:diligently,assiduously孜孜不倦地e.g.Thisillusionhasbeensedulouslyfostered.12.vivify:givevitalityandvividnessto,refresh使有生气，使活跃vivifyingfruits:resultsthatgiveonerefreshmentandrelaxationExplanationofwords&sentences13.aggravate[ˈægrəveɪt]:tomakeworseormoretroublesomee.g.Thechild'sconditionhad