圣经与西方文化第一次课

BasicFactsabouttheBibleAverybriefintroductionTrueorFalse?Amongallthereligions,Christianity(基督教)hasthelargestnumberofadherents.()ChristianityandCatholicism(天主教)aredifferentreligiousgroups.()TheBibleisonlyonebook.()TheBibleconsistsoftwoparts,thatis,OldTestamentandNewTestament.()BoththetwopartsareconsideredholytobothChristiansandJews.()Protestants(新教徒)andRomanCatholics(天主教徒)usethesameversionoftheOldTestament.()Besidesstories,theBiblealsoincludesmanyotherformsofliterature.()MajorReligionsoftheWorldRankedbyNumberofAdherents(figuresshownareapproximateestimates)1.Christianity基督教2.1billion2.Islam伊斯兰教1.5billion3.Non-religious无宗教者1.1billion4.Hinduism印度教900million5.Chinesetraditionalreligion中国传统宗教394million6.Buddhism佛教376million7.primal-indigenous土著信仰300million8.Sikhism锡克教23million9.Judaism犹太教14millionBranchesofChristianityChristianity:thereligionofallChristians.TherearethreemajorbranchesofChristianity:theRomanCatholicChurch(天主教),theEasternOrthodoxChurches(东正教)andProtestantChurches（新教）.Orthodoxadj(espreligion尤用於宗教)followingtheolder,moretraditional,practicesstrictly正统的;传统的;循规蹈矩的:orthodoxJews正统的犹太教徒.Catholicadj1.includingmanyormostthings;general;universal包罗万象的;广泛的;普遍的:havecatholictastes,interests,views,etc广泛的爱好﹑兴趣﹑意见等.2.(technical)connectedwithallChristiansorthewholeChristianChurchProtestantn,adj(member)ofanyoftheChristianbodiesthatseparatedfromtheChurchofRomeinthe16thcentury,oroftheirbranchesformedlater新教徒（指16世纪脱离罗马天主教之基督教团体或後来由其形成的教派成员）;新教（徒）的BasicFactsabouttheBibleTheBible:sacred,holywritingsoftheChristianreligionabookthatcanbefoundalmostanywhereontheearth.translatedintomorethan2000differentlanguagesanddialects.theworld'smostpopularbook.EveryyearmorecopiesoftheBiblearesoldthananyotherpublication.thenumberofsalesisincreasing.BasicFactsabouttheBibleTillDecember31,2008,theBiblehasbeentranslatedinto2479languages.In2008,28,448,325copiesoftheBibleweresold.WhereistheBibleAvailable?Papercopy:inchurchesElectronicform:ontheInternetManydifferentEnglishtranslationsKJV:KingJamesVersion（AuthorizedVersion）詹姆斯王本圣经，英文钦定译本Simple,beautiful,dignifiedandpowerfullanguage,praisedas“thenoblestmonumentofEnglishprose”英语散文的纪念碑EarlyModernEnglish,早期現代英文differentgrammarandwords,difficulttounderstandOriginoftheWord“Bible”Bible:Language:OldFrench;Origin:MedievalLatinbiblia,fromGreek,pluralofbiblion'book‘Therefore“bible”meansacollectionofbooks.图书馆bibliotheque,bibliothekBibliography书目WhenwastheBiblewritten?TheBible:oneoftheworld'soldestbooks.Theoldestbookwaswrittenabout1500B.C.orearlier.ThelastwaswrittenaboutA.D.100.TheBiblewaswrittenoveraperiodofatleast1500years.BC=beforeChristusedafteradatetoshowthatitwasbeforethebirthofChrist公元前AD=AnnoDomini(intheyearofourLord.)usedtoshowthatadateisaparticularnumberofyearsafterthebirthofChrist公元...年C.E.AmECommonErausedafteradatetoshowitwasafterthebirthofChrist=ADB.C.E.AmEbeforecommonerausedafteradatetoshowthatitisbeforethebirthofChristSoundlessreligious,criticizedCristoRedentororChristtheRedeemer.RiodeJaneiro,BrazilAuthorsoftheBibleClearly,theBiblewasnotwrittenbyoneperson.Why?Itwaswrittenoveraperiodofabout1600years.Itisestimatedtherewereaboutfortyauthorsfromdifferentwalksoflife.ShepherdsKingsFishermenPeasantsDoctorsTax-collectorsTheycamefromAsia,EuropeandAfrica.DirectlyorindirectlytheauthorsassertthatwhattheywerewritingreallycamefromGod.ComponentsoftheBibleTheBibleiscomprisedof66bookswithtwomajordivisions:theOldTestament(39books)andtheNewTestament(27books).TheOldTestamentWellbeforethetimeofChristtheJewshadalreadyfinishedassemblingthedivinelyinspiredwritingsoftheHebrews.Itisacollectionof39books.TheOldTestament:alsocalledtheJewishBibleorHebrewBible.ItispartoftheBiblethatisholytotheJewishreligion.MostofitwasoriginallywritteninHebrew,thelanguageoftheancientJewishpeople.TheOldTestament–39booksAllwrittenbeforeJesuscame.1400-400B.C.“Testament”means“covenantoragreement”TheOldCovenantisanagreementthatGodmadewiththenationofIsraelTheOldTestamentwaswritteninHebrew–thelanguageofIsraelModernMapofSameAreaTheNewTestamentFollowingChrist'slifeonearth,additionalsacredbookswerewritten.SomeofthesebooksrecordhistoricaleventspertainingtoChristandHisearlyfollowers.OthersareletterswrittentoexplainChrist'steachingortoencouragethefollowersofChristtopracticethemoralprinciplesHetaught.Thereare27booksinthislatercollection.TogethertheyformtheNewTestament.TheNewTestamentisholyonlytoChristians.TheOldTestament–39booksAllwritten400yearsbeforeJesus’birth1400-400B.C.“Testament”means“covenantoragreement”TheOldCovenantisanagreementthatGodmadewiththenationofISRAELTheOldTestamentwaswritteninHebrew–thelanguageofIsraelAllwrittenAFTERhisdeath48-65A.D.TheNewCovenantisanagreementthatGodhasmadeforALLNATIONSTheNewTestamentwaswritteninGreekTheNewTestament–27booksCompositionoftheOldTestament(LiteraryStylesfoundintheOldTestament)TheOldTestamenthasfourmajordivisions:(1)theLaw-5books;(2)History-12books;(3)Poetry-5books;and,(4)Prophecy-17books.Torahnoun(usuallytheTorah)(inJudaism)thelawofGodasg