英国书院制及影响(英语)

ISSN1712-8358[Print]ISSN1923-6700[Online]:10.3968/5174148Copyright©CanadianAcademyofOrientalandOccidentalCultureModernExtensionofClassicalCultureLife:BritishResidentialCollegeSystemandItsWorldInfluenceYANGTian[a];CUIYanqiang[a];[a]FacultyofEducation,SouthwestUniversity,Chongqing,China.*Correspondingauthor.SupportedbyKeyprojectsofSouthwestUniversity’sBasicScientificResearchin2014“CulturalConnotationandSocialFunctioninUniversity’sCeremony”.Received12March2014;accepted28June2014Publishedonline31August2014AbstractResidentialCollegesystemwasoriginatedinMiddleAges,firstfoundedinParis,perfectedinOxford,andhadproventobethemostimportantsignofBritishuniversities.Eventothisday,residentialcollegestillretainedinBritishuniversities,andinheritedbyAmericanuniversities.Withlonghistoryanduniqueconcept,residentialcollegesystemisnotonlyakindofenduringhousingsystem,butalsoaneffectivecultivationsystem.Furthermore,itisanindicationofspiritandcreativeculturelifeofuniversity,whichhasaveryimportantsignificancetoChineseuniversities.Tolearnfromresidentialcolleges,weneedtocombinetheoreticallogicandpracticallogic,andgainaclearideaofthattheconstructionandoperationofsystemmustbeestablishedintheculturalbasis.Keywords:ClassicalcultureLife;Britishresidentialcollege;WorldinfluenceYang,T.,&Cui,Y.Q.(2014).ModernExtensionofClassicalCultureLife:BritishResidentialCollegeSystemandItsWorldInfluence.Cross-CulturalCommunication,10(5),148-153.Availablefrom:http//::knowledgeteaching,academicresearch,aswellascreativeculturallife(Karl,2007).Duetotheprevalenceofmarketlogicandinstrumentalrationality,thesizeofmodernuniversityhascontinuedtoexpand,academicspecializedincreasingly,peoplealienateddaybyday,andculturallifehasbecomebarren.Thissituationhascausedpeople’sdeepthinking.Arisedfromthemiddleages,andfollowedbyagreatnumberoflateruniversities;residentialcollegehastypicallyrepresentedtheclassicaluniversityspirit,worthyoffurtherandcontinuousstudy.WiththeaccelerationdevelopmentofmodernuniversityinChina,academiccircleshavegrownresearchinterestinBritishresidentialcollegesysteminrecentyears,notonlyemergedinaseriesofstudies,butalsoputintopracticeatsomeuniversities.Inthetheoreticallevel,thedomesticstudyofBritishresidentialcollegeshasmainlyconcentratedinaspectsofeducationalconcept,managementsystemandteachingmode,allaimsatexploringhumanitiesspiritbehindthesystem,anditsenlightenmenttoourpersonneltrainingandmanagementsystem;Atapracticallevel,someuniversitiesdrewlessonsfromBritishresidentialcollegesystem,andcombinedwithChinesetraditionalacademymode,havealsoopenedaseriesofbeneficialexploration.Butonthewhole,domesticresearchhasstillstayedintheleveloflearning,absorbing,imitating,shouldfurtherexplorethecombinationoftheoryandpracticeoflogicalthinking.Buildingasoundandeffectiveoperationofthesystemmustbebasedondeepculturalroots,andmustadheretotheendogenoushistoricallogic.ThroughoutthespreadofBritishresidentialcollegeinthewholeworld,theUnitedStatesUniversityinheritedthemostcomprehensive,butwasnotsimplytransplantationandgrafting,butthelong-termrepeatedtestingandinnovation.TracingandanalysisofBritishresidentialcollegeaswellastheUnitedStatesUniversity’sinnovationprocesshelpstorecognizethehistoricalandpracticelogic,therebyclarifyingthetheoreticallogic149YANGTian;CUIYanqiang(2014).Cross-CulturalCommunication,10(5),148-153Copyright©CanadianAcademyofOrientalandOccidentalCultureoftheconstructionofmodernuniversitysystemwithChinesecharacteristics.1.THEORIGINANDFEATUREOFBRITISHRESIDENTIALCOLLEGEAsadepartmentorganizationpattern,residentialcollegederivedfrommedievalEurope,wasbuiltinParisandperfectedinOxford.Atthebeginning,studentsweremainlytaughtintherentedhousefornofixedclassroomanddormitory,studentswererequiredtosolvetheaccommodationproblemontheirown.In12thcentury,Europeanuniversitiesstillretainedthereligioustraditionofknowledge-transferenceandmeditation,sostudentsweremostpoormanfromalloverthecontinentofEurope,thepredecessorofresidentialcollegecalledhousewasestablishedbythedonationfromhigher-orderclericandnobility(Hastings,1936,p.681).Attheendofthe12thcentury,ParisUniversitybuiltaresidentialcollege,andlaterspreadtoOxfordandCambridgeinthesecondhalfofthe13thcentury,andgraduallydevelopedintoauniqueidealfacilitywhereteachersandstudentsinhabittogether.Despiteafewcollegesfoundbymendicancyfriars,dozensofdifferentstylesofresidentialcollegeswereevolvedfromboardinghousesinOxfordandCambridge.Thefoundersofhouseswerefamousscholarsorcelebrities,includingtheBritishroyalfamilymembers.Forexample,King’sCollegeofCambridgewascreatedbyHenryVIofEnglandin1441;Queens’Collegewasalmosttheoldestandlargestcollege,foundedin1448byMargaretofAnjou(theQueenofHenryVI).Withthesupportofthedonations,housesgradually