从后城镇化角度谈乡镇社会管理创新改革和做法

从后城镇化角度谈乡镇社会管理创新改革和做法从后城镇化角度谈乡镇社会管理创新改革和做法1摘要城镇化是现代化的重要标志，也是经济社会发展的重要驱动力。中国从1984年开始大力推动城镇化的发展，经过三十余年的努力，在经济建设上取得了丰硕的成果，整个社会发生了广泛而深刻的变化。但这种粗放式的发展模式同时也带来了环境的严重破坏、社会风气浮躁、贫富差距扩大、群众矛盾激化等一系列问题。这种模式已经不能适应中国建设社会主义和谐社会的需要，中国城镇化建设开始转型，进入后城镇化时代。党的十八大提出，没有乡镇的稳定和发展，就不可能有城市的发展和繁荣，整个社会就会失去和谐稳定的基础，强调要在全面建成小康社会进程中积极稳妥推进城镇化，通过走新型城镇化道路统筹城乡发展，让广大农民安居乐业，过上现代文明的生活。城镇化作为一项涉及面广的系统工程，对乡镇社会整体架构影响更明显而深刻，而乡镇社会管理任务没有因人口的减少变得简单，反而越发艰巨繁重。因此，探讨后城镇化背景下加强乡镇社会管理创新无论对提高城镇化质量，还是对促进城乡一体化发展、加快全面建成小康社会进程都具有重要借鉴意义。随着中国城镇化的推进，现在的乡镇社会已不是传统计划经济时期的乡镇社会，正面临着人口结构、产业结构、社会结构、思想观念、治理结构、阶层结构的深刻变动，新的社会事务、利益诉求、矛盾纠纷、公共服务，旧的固化思维、传统手段和机制弊端都在考量着各级政府乡镇社会管理的能力和水平。如果我们还用农业经济时代的管控思维、用城乡分割的分治手段，用政府主导的一元方法来推进乡镇治理，必然会遇到种种困难和问题，只有立足城镇化、工业化这个大背景，把握城乡互动内在规律，不断创新乡镇社会管理方法手段，才能有效提高治理水平，才能更好适应经济社会发展需要。本文从社会管理理论的综述进入研究主题，然后运用部分市、县、乡镇的实例进行实证分析，查找出当前中国乡镇社会管理存在的流动人口的半城市化、农村征地冲突和城乡基本公共服务发展不均衡等问题，并分析了后城镇化进程中乡镇社会管理创新的必要条件，然后结合城镇化演进趋势和中国乡镇社会变化特中共江苏省委党校硕士学位论文2点，从加快户籍制度改革、深化土地制度改革和健全公共服务体系等方面提出加强乡镇社会管理的对策举措，以期能为各级政府在提高乡镇社会管理科学化水平，加快构建以城带乡、以工促农、工农互补、城乡互动的新型城乡关系提供一些初步借鉴。关键词：后城镇化；乡镇；社会管理从后城镇化角度谈乡镇社会管理创新改革和做法3StudyonSocialManagementInnovation——FromthePerspectiveofPost-UrbanizationAbstract:Urbanizationisanimportantsymbolofmodernization,butalsoanimportantdrivingforceforeconomicandsocialdevelopment.From1984,Chinavigorouslypromotedthedevelopmentofurbanizationandachievedabundantaccomplishmentsaftermorethan30yearsofhardwork,nowprofoundchangesofthewholesocietyhavetakenplace.Butthisextensivedevelopmentpatternalsocausedaseriesofproblem,suchastheenvironmentaldisruption,thewideninggapbetweentherichandpoor,sharpeningcontradictionamongthemassesandsoon.Obviously,thisdevelopmentpatterncouldnotadapttotheconstructionofsocialistharmonioussociety,andurbanizationinChinabegantotransformdevelopmentpatternandenterthe“post-urbanage”.Itwereputforwardinthe18thNationalCongressofCPCthatnotthestabilityanddevelopmentoftheruralareas,therecanbenodevelopmentandprosperityofthetown,thewholecommunitywilllosethebasisofharmonyandstabilityintheprocessofbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietystressedtheneedtoactivelyandsteadilypromoteurbanizationbytakinganewroadofurbanizationandruraldevelopment,sothatthemajorityoffarmersandherdsmentoliveandwork,andlivealifeofmoderncivilization.Urbanizationasoneinvolvingawiderangeofsystemengineering,architectureimpactonruralsocietyasawholeismoreobviousandprofound,whichisthefocusofthecurrentconcernsofthecommunity.Tostrengthenthemanagementofruralsocietytoexplorethebackgroundofurbanizationhaveimportantreferencebothtoimprovethequalityofurbanization,ortopromotetheintegrationofurbanandruraldevelopment,speedinguptheoverallprocessofbuildawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway.中共江苏省委党校硕士学位论文4Withthedevelopmentofurbanization,Chinaruralcommunityhasnotruralsocietyofthetraditionalplannedeconomyperiod,isfacingademographicstructure,theprofoundchangesintheindustrialstructure,socialstructure,ideology,governancestructure,hierarchicalstructure,thenewsocialaffairs,interestdemands,disputes,publicservices,theoldthinkingofcuring,thetraditionalmeansandmechanismsdrawbacksinconsiderationwithalllevelsofgovernmentruralsocialmanagementabilityandlevel.Wealsothinkingofthecontroloftheagriculturaleconomy,rural-urbandivide,divideandconquermeanstoadvancethegovernment-ledruralgovernancewillinevitablyencounterdifficultiesandproblems,onlybasedonthebackgroundofurbanization,industrialization,graspruralinteractioninherentlawsinnovativeruralsocialmanagementmethodmeans,itcanimprovesthelevelofgovernanceandadaptstotheeconomicandsocialdevelopmentneeds.Basedupontheoverviewofthetheoryofsocialmanagementandpracticalsituationofsomeareas,thethispaperanalyzedtheproblemsinruralsocialmanagementinChina,suchasthesemi-urbanizationofthefloatingpopulation,theconflictsoflandacquisitionanddisparatedevelopmentofbasicpublicservices,andthenecessaryconditionsofruralsocialmanagementinnovation,thenproposedsomesuggestions,combinedwiththetrendandcharacteristicsofurbanization,fromtheperspectiveofreformationofhouseholdregistrationsystemandlandsystemandsoundpublicservicesystemtoprovidesomepreliminaryreferenceintheconstructionofanewrelationshipbetweenurbanandruralareas.Keywords:posturbanage;ruraltown;socialmanagementinnovation从后城镇化角度谈乡镇社会管理创新改革和做法5目录第一章绪论..................................................................................................................7（一）选题背景及意义................................................................................................7（二）国内外研究现状................................................................................................81.国外研究现状...................................................................................................82.国内研究进展.................................................................................................10（三）研究方法..........................................................................................................12（四）本文创新点......................................................................................................12第二章相关理论概述.............................................................