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高中英语语法特殊句式蒙自市第一高级中学朱应涛编著1}+情态动词/助动词/be+主语专题十一特殊句式一、考纲解读考点1.倒装2.强调3.省略4.主谓一致5.反意疑问句6.therebe句型重点：1把握各种特殊句式在具体语境中的运用2.掌握主谓一致的灵活运用二、知识归纳1.倒装（1）完全倒装谓语动词完全放到主语之前①therebe（stand，lie，exist...）句型Eg：thereisagardenbehindthehouse②表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语放在句首（here，there,now,then,up,down,intheroom,onthewall,out,off...）Eg:Herecomesthebus.(△当主语是代词时，主谓不倒装，如Hereitis)Awaywentthegirl③表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“英语+连系动词+主语“e.g.PresentatthemeetingweresamescientistsfromChina.(形容词作表语)Gonearethedayswhenwewerepoor.(过去分词作表语)Ineachroomaretenstudents.(介词短语作表语)（2）部分倒装，只把谓语的一部分（助动词，情态动词）置于主语之前①含否定意义的副词never,not,nor,hardly,seldom,notonly…but(also)…，notuntil及含有no的词或短语放在句首，结构为：表否定意义的词/词组+助动词/情态动词/be+主语+谓动+…e.g.NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.Notuntilhereturneddidwehavesupper.②only+副词/介词短语/状语从句+助动词/情态动词/be+主语+谓语动词+…e.g.OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong.Onlyinthiswaycanyouimproveyourpronunciation.Onlywhenhereturneddidwefindoutthetruth.(主句倒装)△Only修饰主语时，句子不倒装。e.g.Onlyhecanhelpyou.③So（也）Neither/Nor(也不)｛e.g.Youcanswim,socanhe.Ihaveneverbeentoabroad,neither(nor)hashe.——Helikeswatchingfootballmatchesbuthedoesn’tlikeplayingfootball.一Soitis(thesame)withsb.(有两个谓语动词时作答语用，表示“也”)Tomisthirteen.soisLucy.(Lucy也13岁。前后指两个人)soheis.(他(Tom)的确13岁。前后指一个人)高中英语语法特殊句式蒙自市第一高级中学朱应涛编著2④频度副词often,always,manyatime等置于句首，句子用部分倒装e.g.OftendoItellheraboutmylifehere.⑤虚拟语气条件中省略if，把were，had或should放在主语前，构成倒装e.g.WereIyou(=IfIwereyou),Iwouldtakehisadvice.⑥So(Such)…that…句型，So（Such）置句首时用倒装e.g.Sofastdoesherun.ThatIcan’tcatchupwithhim.Suchacleverboyishethathecanworkoutthisexerciseeasily.(3)其它倒装结构①as/though引导的让步状语从句adj/adv/名词/动词+as/though+主语+…e.g.Successfulas/thoughheis,heisnotproud.Childasheis,heknowstohelpothers.Objectasyoumay,I’llgo.②may表祝愿Mayyousucceed!Mayourfriendshipliveforever!2.强调(1)Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子剩余成分强调人用that/who，强调物用that所强调的可以是单词，短语，也可以是从句，但结构要完整被强调的成分是主语、宾语、状语，但不能是定语或谓语e.g.ItisIwho/thatamright.(主语)ItwasLucythatwemetattheschoolgate.（宾语）ItwasintheparkthatTomlosthiswatch.(状语)（2）强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分？e.g.Wasitin1939thattheSecondWorldWarbrokeout?IsitprofessorWangthat/whoteachesyouEnglish?(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句词+is/was+it+that+其他成分？e.g.Whowasitthatbrokethewindow?Whenwasitthatyoucalledmeyesterday?Whatisitthatyouwantmetodo?(4)有时可用Itmightbe…that…或Itmusthavebeen…that…句型表强调e.g.Itmightbehisfatherthatyou’rethinkingof.Itmusthavebeenhisbrotherthatyousaw.(5)not…until…句型的强调句：Itis/wasnotuntil…that+其他部分e.g.Itwasnotuntilteno’clockthathewentobed.(6)强调句型中的it与作形式主语的it比较去掉It/was和that，剩余成分仍能构成一个完整句子，就是强调句型，否则就不是e.g.Itistherethataccidentsoftenhappen.→Accidentsoftenhappenthere.事故经常在那里发生。Itisclearthatnotallboyslikefootball.→Clearnotallboyslikefootball.(不是完整句子结构，因此这不是强调句)高中英语语法特殊句式蒙自市第一高级中学朱应涛编著3(7)强调句型Itis/was…that…；Itis/was+时间+when/before从句子与itis+时间+since从句；Itwasnotlongbefore…等句型的区别e.g.ItwasatmidnightthatIgotbackhomeyesterday.（强调句）Itwasmidnightwhen/beforeIgotbackhomeyesterday.（非强调句）ItwastwoyearsagothatIbegantolearnEnglish.（强调句）我是在两年前开始学英语的。ItistwoyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.（Itis…since…自从…以来已有…时间）Itwasn’tlongbefore…不久以后就…了Itwon’tbelongbefore…不久就会…Itwastwoyears/daysbefore…过了两年/两天就…Itwillbetwoyears/daysbefore还得两年/两天才Itwillnotbetwoyears/daysbefore…用不了两年/两天就会…试比较：Itwastwoyearsbeforehecamebackfromabroad.Itwastwoyearslaterthathecamebackfromabroad都表示他两年后回国。注意强调句中状语的表达方式（8）对谓语动词的强调用do/did/doese.g.Docomethisevening.Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.3.省略（1）不定式的省略①在beafraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后面，常用to代替被省略词。e.g.Iaskedhimtoseethefilm,buthedidn’twantto.②在have,need,ought,used等后面，用toe.g.Ididn’twanttogothere,butIhadto.③在glad,happy,pleased,delighted等后面，用toe.g.Ifyou’dlikemetohelpyou,I’dbeonlytoogladto.④否定形式的省略用nottoe.g.——ShallIgoinsteadofhim?——Iprefernotto.⑤如果不定式中含有be,have,havebeen,通常要保留tobe/tohave.Tohavebeene.g.——Areyouasailor?——No,butIusedtobe.（2）状语从句中的省略①当状语从句中主语和主句中主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，此时从句中可能出现下列情况连词(as,asif,once)+名词e.g.Once(hewas）ateacher,henowworksinacompany.高中英语语法特殊句式蒙自市第一高级中学朱应涛编著4连词（though,whether,when)+形容词e.g.workhardwhen(youare）young,oryou’llregret.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。连词(whether,asif,while)+介词短语e.g.Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)insearchofsomething.△连词（when,while,though)+现在分词e.g.While(Iwas)walkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.△连词（when,if,evenif,unless,once,until,than,as)+过去分词e.g.Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan(itwas)expected.连词（asif,asthough)+不定式e.g.Heopenedhismouthasif(hewas)tospeak.(对事实的猜测）△②当从句主语是it,谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和be一起省略，如连词(if).unless,when,whenever)+形容词e.g.If(itis)necessary,you’dbetterrefertothedictionary.③可以用so/not代替上文内容，有“ifso/not”结构e.g.Getupearlytomorrow,Ifnot(Ifyoudon’tgetupearly),youwillmissthefirstbus.Hemaynotbeathomethen.IfSo(Ifheisnotathome’leavehimanote.Tips:状语从句省略看似很多，其实也就是归为名词(no),形容词（adj.),介词短语(prep.-）；现在分词(V.-ing),过去分词(V.-ed)，不定式(todo)这六类，连词间基本相通，重在多看多记，主要考查V.-ing，V.-ed,todo三种，考查时变换灵活，要多做题。4.主谓一致（1）并列主语的主谓一致①两个单数名词或不可数名词用and连接，表两个不同概念，谓语动词用复数形式e.g.TomandJackwereclosefriends.Steamandicearedifferentformsofwater.②两个单数名词用and连接，表同一人，同一物，同一概念，或表示不可分割的整体，谓语动词用单数形式e.g.Thesingeranddanceristoattendoureveningparty.那位歌舞演员(指同一人）要来参加我们的晚会。