形容词的比较级和最高级一、比较级的定义:大多数的形容词都有三个级别:原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更……”,用于两者之间的比较,用来说明“前者比后者更……”,比较级前面一般用much,even,alittle修饰,其中even,much只能修饰比较级。二、比较级的构成:(1)规则变化:①单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-erEg:calm---calmertall---tallersmart---smarter②以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加-rEg:nice---nicerfine---finerlarge---larger③以“辅音+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er”Eg:early---earlierhappy---happierbusy---busier④以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词,双写辅音字母,再加-erEg:big---biggerthin---thinnerhot---hotter⑤多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加moreEg:popular---morepopularimportant---moreimportant(2)不规则变化:少数形容词的比较级变化是不规则的:good--betterbad/ill-worsemany/much--morelittle--lessfar--farther/furtherold---older/elder三、比较级的用法:(一)当两个人或事物(A和B)进行比较时,我们需要用到形容词(副词)的原级或者比较级1.表达“A和B一样”,用as…as的结构。公式:A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B;A+实义动词+as+副词原级+as…+BEg:Iamastallasyou.我和你一样高。HerunsasfastasI.他跑得和我一样快。2.表达“A不如B”用notas…as的结构。公式:A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as…+B;A+助词的否定形式+动词+as+形容词原级+as…+BEg:Iamnotastallasyou.我没有你高。Hedoesn’trunasfastasI.他没有我跑得快。3.表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构。公式:A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B…;A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B…Eg:Iamtallerthanyou.我比你高。HerunsfasterthanI.他跑得比我快。(二)关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法1.比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语,是“更…”,“…得…”。常见much,alittle,even,alot,agreatdeal等。Eg:HeismuchtallerthanI.他比我要高得多。Ijumpalittlehigherthanhe.我跳得比他高一点点。想一想,这些词能修饰形容词或副词的原级吗?2.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等。Eg:Iamtwoyearsolderthanhe.我比他大两岁。Thisbuildingis20metershigherthanthatone.3.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.天气越来越暖和。Heisrunningfasterandfaster.他跑得越来越快。0urcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.我们祖国越来越美了。4.“themore…,themore…”表示“越……,就越……”,Themore,thebetter.多多益善。Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.你越细心,犯错就越少。5.“themore…ofthetwo…”表示“两个当中较。。。的一个”Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.四、当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时,我们需要用到形容词(副词)的最高级1.表达“…是…中最…的”,用“the+形容词(副词)的最高级”的结构。后面可以加上表示范围的介词短语或从句。公式:主语+be动词+the+形容词最高级+(名词)+表示范围的介词短语或从句主语+实义动词+(the)+形容词最高级+表示范围的介词短语或从句Eg:Heisthetallest(student)inourclass.Hejumpsthehighestofthethreeboys.ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.2.表示“最…的…中一个”,用“oneof+the+最高级+复数名词”的结构来表达。Eg:Heisoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.他是我们班最好的学生之一。Thisisoneofthemostbeautifulflowersinthegarden.这是花园里最漂亮的花之。注意:(一)形容词的最高级前面有定冠词the,而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。但在形容词最高级前有物主代词时,不能要定冠词the.(二)常见的用来表示范围的介词有in,of,among五、运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题:(一)、按语法规则,than后面的人称代词应当用主格,但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。Eg:HeismorecarefulthanI(me).(二)、只有同类的事物才能比较Eg:Herbagisbiggerthanmine.不能说HerbagisbiggerthanI.TheweatherofKunmingismuchbetterthanthatofShenyang.不能说TheweatherofKunmingismuchbetterthanShenyang.形容词副词比较级和最高级专练用所给词的正确形式填空:1.Heran__________thanalltheothers.Heran___________ofall.(fast)2.Jamesplayedas__________asyou.Maryplayed___________ofall.(well)3.Shewaited____________thansheusuallydid.(long)4.Iwalked___________thantherest.Iwalked___________ofall.(far)5.Myfriendcame____________thanPualandMike.(late)6.Amongthethreeboysheworks____________.(hard)7.Bobleftschool__________inhisclassyesterday.(late)8.Heswimsas__________asIdo.(badly)9.Whodid___________inthe100-metrerace,JimorTim?(badly)10.BothLiMingandLiHongsang__________,butIsang___________ofall.(badly)11.Peterisas___________asTom.Bennyis_________thanTom.Davidis__________ofall.(fat)12.LiLifound_____________mushroomsthanIdid.(many)13.Theelephantis____________thananyotheranimals.(big)14.Manis____________thananimals.(muchclever)15.LessonTwoisabit____________thanLessonOne.(easy)16.I’m___________boyunderthesun.(happy)17.Todayis____________thanyesterday.(hot)18.Anelephantis___________thanatiger.Itis___________animalonland.(big)19.Mr.Liis___________thanyouruncle.(thin)20.Whichbookis_____________,yoursormine?(thick)21.Thisparkismuch___________thanthatone.(beautiful)22.Thefirstbookismoreusefulthanthesecondone.Thesecondbookis__________thanthefirstone.(useful)23.Allanis___________ofthethreeboys.(strong)24.Hismarksare___________thanhisfriend’s(bad)25.Itis___________todothismathsproblemthantodothatone.(easy)26.Myhouseis____________tothefarmthanyours.(far)27.Myworkismoreimportantthanyours.Yourworkis____________thanmine.(important)28.Climbingthishillis_____________.Climbingthathillis____________.ClimbingMt.Everestis___________ofall.(dangerous)29.Mt.Everestis_________thantheMont-Blanc.(high)30.Mymotherdrivesverycarefully.Sheisa_________driverthanmyfather.(careful).31.Ofthetwogirls,IfindLucythe_______(clever).32.Gold(黄金)is__________(little)usefulthaniron(铁).33.Mysisteristwoyears___________(old)thanI.34.John’sparentshavefourdaughters,andsheisthe_________(young)child.35.The_________(cheap)bagsarethenotusuallythebestones.36.Theshortoneisbyfar___________expensiveofthefive.37.Theboyisnotso__________(interesting)ashisbrother.38.Dicksings_________(well),shesings________(well)thanJohn,butMarysings_______(well)inherclass.39.Shewillbemuch__________(happy)inhermewhouse.40.Thisdressis__________that.(twice,as…as…,expensive)