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AmericanLiteratureLecture7SelectedReadingMobyDick3.7HermanMelvilleChapter3本周内容:HermanMelville(1819-1891)Butitisbettertofailinoriginalitythantosucceedinimitation.Hewhohasneverfailedsomewhere,thatmancannotbegreat.Melville’sLifeandMainWorks1）LifeMelville’sbleakviewoftheworld2)MajorWorksI.Melville’sLifeandMainWorks•1）Life•Hewasanovelist,anessayist,ashortstorywriterandapoet.Hewascalledas“MasterofPhilosophicalAllegory”•Twothingswhichdeservementioned:•1.Goingouttosea•2.FriendshipwithHawthorne.•2)MajorWorks•Typee《泰皮》(1846):APeepatPolynesianLife（波利尼西亚(人)的）•Omoo《欧穆》(1847):ANarrativeofAdventuresintheSouthSeas•Mardi《玛地》(1849):RomancesoftheSouthSeaislandsFromhisadventuresamongthepeopleoftheSouthPacificislands•Redburn,HisFirstVoyage《雷得本》(1849):Basedonhisownfirsttriptosea,anaccountofhisvoyagetoEngland•White-Jacket,ortheWorldinaMan-of-War《白外衣》(1850):Fictionalizedhisexperiencesinthenavy•Moby-Dick;orTheWhiteWhale《白鲸记》(1851):Amarvelousseaadventure•Pierre:ortheAmbiguities《皮埃尔》(1852):Adarklyallegoricalexplorationofthenatureofevil•BillyBudd《比利·巴德》:asignthathehadresolvedhisquarrelwithGod•Clarel《克拉莱尔》:apoemSelectedReadingMoby-Dick•Moby-Dick,writtenin1851,recountstheadventuresofthenarratorIshmaelashesailsonthewhalingship,Pequod,underthecommandofthemonomaniacal*CaptainAhab.MelvillededicatedthebooktofellowDarkRomantic,NathanielHawthorne:Intokenofmyadmirationforhisgenius,thisbookisinscribedtoNathanielHawthorne.•[,mɑnə'menɪ,æk]•apersonsufferingfrommonomania•n.对一事热狂的人，偏执狂者CharacterAnalysis&Summary•Moby-Dick-ThewhitebullspermwhalewhoistheobjectofallofCaptainAhab'swrath,themainantagonistinthenovel.•Ishmael-AcrewmemberofthePequodandnarratorofthestory.HisnameisaBiblicalallusiontotheexiledsonofAbrahamwhobecameanoutstandingTamudic*teacher.•Talmudicadj.犹太教法典的；《塔木德经》的•CaptainAhab-ThetyrannicalcaptainofthePequod,obsessedwithkillingMoby-Dick,atallcosts.•Queequeg-TheharpoonerofthePequod,anon-ChristianfromthefictionalislandofRokovoko*intheSouthSeas.MelvilleoffershisbiographyinChapter12.•Starbuck-TheyoungchiefmateofthePequod,aQuakerfromNantucket.n.楠塔基特岛（位于美国马萨诸塞州东南沿海的岛屿）•RokovokoorKokovokoisthefictionalislandhomeofthecharacterQueequeg,asdescribedinHermanMelville's1851novelMoby-Dick.Genre&Themes•darkromanticism•——Itisakindofliteraturewithhorrificthemes,creepysymbols,andthepsychologicaleffectsofguiltandsin.•EdgarAllan•Romanticisminthiscontextisn'taboutlove--itmeansbeliefandemotionsaremoreimportantthanlogicorfacts;theindividualcomesfirst,andcaninvolvetheworshipofnature(orawhale?).•MajorTheme:Melville'sobsessivefocusisonmanversuswhaleormoreaccurately,manversusmortalenemy--anenduringliterarythemethroughtheages.Melvilleusesnumerousallusionsthroughoutthestory--Biblical,mythical,andliterary--todeliverhisdramatictale,impressthereader'sunderstandingandrespectforwhothewhaleisandwhatitrepresentsinrelationtohumankind.AnexcerptfromChapter41•Manfightingagainstfates•ThewidespreadterrorforMoby-DickandhowCaptainAhablosesoneofhislegs.•Weaknessofhumanbeinginfrontofthepowerfulwhale.•Q1.WhydoesAhabwanttokilltheWhiteWhale?•First,helosesoneofhislegsbecauseoftheWhiteWhale.Second,heconsidersMoby-Dickastheembodimentofevilintheworldandbelievesinhisinescapablefatetodestorythisevil.•para.•I,Ishmael,wasoneofthatcrew;myshoutshadgoneupwiththerest;myoathhadbeenweldedwiththeirs;andstrongerIshouted,andmoredidIhammerandclinchmyoath,becauseofthedreadinmysoul.Awild,mystical,sympatheticalfeelingwasinme;Ahab'squenchlessfeudseemedmine.WithgreedyearsIlearnedthehistoryofthatmurderousmonsteragainstwhomIandalltheothershadtakenouroathsofviolenceandrevenge.•weld/wɛld/(welding,welded,welds)•V-T/V-IToweldonepieceofmetaltoanothermeanstojointhembyheatingtheedgesandputtingthemtogethersothattheycoolandhardenintoonepiece.焊接•我,以实玛利,是那些水手中的一员;我的叫喊声已经同他们的一起爆发了;我的誓言已经同他们的结合在一起了;我越叫得响亮,就把我的誓言槌扣得越紧,因为我的灵魂感到畏惧.我有一种狂热而神秘的同情心:亚哈那难以压制的仇恨仿佛也就是我的仇恨.我这双贪婪的耳朵已经听到了那只凶残的巨兽的故事,我和所有其他的人都已对它发下我们的激烈和雪恨的誓言了.•para.2line9•Itwashardlytobedoubted,thatseveralvesselsreportedtohaveencountered,atsuchorsuchatime,oronsuchorsuchameridian*,aSpermWhaleofuncommonmagnitudeandmalignity*,whichwhale,afterdoinggreatmischieftohisassailants*,hascompletelyescapedthem;•malignity[mə'lɪɡnɪtɪ]•n.恶意；怨恨；狠毒•meridian/məˈrɪdɪən/(meridians)•N-COUNTAmeridianisanimaginarylinefromtheNorthPoletotheSouthPole.Meridiansaredrawnonmapstohelpyoudescribethepositionofaplace.经线assailant[ə'seɪl(ə)nt]n.攻击者adj.袭击的；攻击的•但是,也有使人难以置疑的传说,说是有若干船只在某时某地,碰到了一种非常之大.非常之凶的抹香鲸,那条鲸在对它的攻击者造成很大伤害后,便逃之夭夭;我认为,有些人认为那条大鲸一定就是莫比－迪克的这种想法,并不是全然无稽的.•para.4•Nordidwildrumorsofallsortsfailtoexaggerate,andstillthemorehorrifythetruehistoriesofthesedeadlyencounters.Fornotonlydofabulousrumorsnaturallygrowoutoftheverybodyofallsurprisingterribleevents,--asthesmitten*treegivesbirthtoitsfungi*;but,inmaritimelife,farmorethaninthatofterrafirma,wildrumorsabound,whereverthereisanyadequaterealityforthemtoclingto.•smitten['smɪtn]•v.打击，摧毁（smite的过去分词）•fungi[ˈfʌŋɡaɪˈfʌndʒɪ]•n.真菌；菌类；蘑菇（fungus的复数）landisasymbolofsafetywhileseaofadventureanddanger•而且,各式各样喧腾的谣言都没有不是加油添酱,越发把这些骇人的遭遇的真相给渲染得格外恐怖.因为一切无稽的谣言不仅是由各种可怖的事件本身自然而然地产