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一、一般名词术语General1、车辆的种类铁道车辆rollingstock,railwayvehicle,railwaycar客车carriage,passengercar货车wagon,freightcar特种车specialcar钢木车steel-woodcar全金属车allmetalcar全钢车allsteelcar二轴车two-axlecar四轴车four-axlecar六轴车six-axlecar转向架式车bogiecar关节式车articulatedcar动车motor-car拖车trailer控制车controllingcar动车组poweredcartrain-set合造车combinedcar简易客车simplyequippedcoach代用客车substitutepassengercar双层客车double-deckcoach母车carwithaxlegenerator子车carwithoutaxlegenerator座车seatcoach硬座车semi-cushionedseatcoach软座车cushionedseatcoach,softseatcoach卧车sleepingcar硬卧车semi-cushionedberthsleepingcar软卧车cushionedberthsleepingcar餐车diningcar行李车luggagevan,baggagecar邮政车mailvan,postalcar了望车observationcar公务车servicecar,privatecar文教车cultureandeducationcar医疗车hospitalcar卫生车ambulancecar试验车testcar维修车maintenancecar宿营车dormitoryvan,traincrewcar轨道检查车trackinspectioncar轨道探伤车railfaultsdetectioncar隧道摄影车tunnel-photographingcar限界检查车structuregaugedetectioncar检衡车trackscaletestcar发电车generatorcar锅炉车boilercar救援车reliefcar敞车open-topcar,gondolacar棚车coveredwagon,boxcar平车flatcar罐车tankcar守车caboose,brakevan煤车coalcar砂石车gravelcar矿石车orecar漏斗车hoppercar水泥车cementcar保温车thermalcar隔热车insulated-coverwagon,insulatedboxcar加冰冷藏车ice-cooledrefrigeratorcar冷冻板冷藏车eutectic-ice-cooledrefrigeratorcar加温车heatercar冷藏加温车refrigeratorandheatercar机械冷藏车mechanicalrefrigeratorcar单节机械冷藏车mono-unitmechanicalrefrigeratorcar机冷货物车mechanicalrefrigeratorfreightcar机冷发电车mechanicalrefrigeratorgeneratingcar机械冷藏车组mechanicalrefrigeratorcartrain-set通风车ventilatedcar家畜车livestockcar,stockcar活鱼车fishcar零担办公车officecarforpeddlertrain毒品车posioncar集装箱车containercar长大货物车heavy-dutycar,highcapacitycar凹底平车depressedcenterflatcar落下孔车wellcar,well-holecar双联平车twinnedflatcar钳夹车schnabelcar自动倾翻车sidedumpcar除雪车sweeper,snowplow长钢轨车组longrailcartrain-set电站车组powerstationcartrainset车辆纵向longitudinaldirectionofcar车辆横向transversedirectionofcar车端endofcar一位端“B”endofcar二位端“A”endofcar一位侧No.1positionside二位侧No.2positionside轴位positionofaxle轮位positionofwheel梁位positionofsill车钩中心线高hrightfrontopofrailtocouplercenter车辆长度lengthofcar车辆宽度widthofcar车辆最大宽度max.widthofcar车辆高度heightofcar车辆最大高度max.heightofcar车体长度lengthoverendsofcarbody底架长度lengthofunderframe罐体长度lengthoftankbarrek车体宽度widthoversidesofcarbody底架长度underframewidth车体内长insidelengthofcarbody车体内宽insidewidthofcarbody车体内侧面高insideheightofcarbody车体内中心高insideheightfromfloortoroofcentre地板面高heightoffloorfromrailtop车辆定距（心盘中心距）lengthbetweenbogiepivotcenters车辆全轴距totalwheelbaseofcar车辆定距比ratioofcarbodylengthtolengthbetweenbogiecentres换长equivalentlength旁承间隙sidebearingclearance自重tareweight载重loadingcapacity整备品重servicingweight总重grossweight自重系数coefficientoftareweight,tare-to-loadcapacity每延米重loadpermeteroftrack簧上重量suspendedweight,weightabovespring簧下重量non-suspendedweight,weightunderspring构造速度designspeed通过最小曲线半径min.radiusofcurvaturenegotiated动力系数coefficientofkineticforce振动舒适度comfortablequalityofvibration平稳性指标（振动舒适度指标）indexofrunningstability倾复稳定性securityofoverturingfromtrack脱轨稳定性securityofderailment6、其他空车emptycar轴数numberofaxle车辆标记letteringandmarkingofcar车辆型号modelofcar车辆号码serialnumberofcar定员seatingcapacity技术履历簿technicalancestrybook吊hanger卡clamp,clip吊卡anchor,suspension座seat,rest,bracket吊座hangerbracket托carrier,support,bearer环ring链chain连接板connectingplate补强板reinforcingplate筋板rib隔板partionplate撑板stayingplate托板supportingplate固定板fasteningplate压板pressingplate吊板hangingplate支承板bearingplate垫板shim,pad调整板adjustingplate限制板locatingplate挡板baffleplate防跳板anticreepplate护板shieldplate防尘板dustguardplate磨耗板wearplate防火板fireproofplate盖板coverplate腹板webplate翼板flangeplate地板floorplate顶板roofplate墙板sideplate装饰板decoratingplate饰带板lining根据位置不同所用板plateusedinotherplace节流板moderatingplate,limitingplate垫shim,pad,liner,washer盖cap,cover,lid阀valve体body梁girder，sill，beam，stringer柱post斜撑diagonalbrace压条cornice，molding，treadlebar承木woodenpartingstringer，nailingstrip隔热材料heat-insulatingmaterial二走行装置runninggear1一般走行装置runninggear转向架bogie，truck二轴转向架two-axlebogie三轴转向架three-axlebogie组合转向架combinationbogie导框式转向架pedestalbogie导框式转向架non-pedestalbogie导框式转向架pedestalbogie整体侧架转向架bogiewithintegralboxsideframe构架frame，bogiestructure侧架bogiesideframe轮对wheelset有箍车轮tyredwheel整体车轮solidwheel碾钢车轮wroughtsteelwheel，rolledsteelwheel轴箱journalbox承载鞍adapter轴箱定位装置boxguidance弹簧减振装置springandvibrationabsorberdevice弹簧悬挂装置suspensiondamper弹簧装置springdevice轴箱弹簧装置journalspringdevice摇枕弹簧装置bolsterspringdevice轴箱弹簧journalspring摇枕弹簧bolsterspring均衡弹簧equalizerspring空气弹簧airspring橡胶弹簧rubberspring第一系弹簧装置primarysuspension第二系弹簧装置secondarysuspension一系弹簧装置single-stagesuspension二系弹簧装置two-stagesuspension自动高度调整装置automaticheightadjuster减振器vibrationabsorber摩擦减振器snubber油压减振器hydraulicdamper旁承sidebearing滑块式旁承slidingblocksidebearing摆块式旁承pendulumsidebearing滚子式旁承rollersidebearing液压旁承hydraulicsidebearing气液旁承hydro-pneumaticsidebearing转向架基础制动装置bogiebrakerigging踏面制动treadbraking盘形制动discbraking,rotorbraking单侧制动singlesidebraking双侧制动claspbraking制动梁brakebeam闸瓦brakeblock,brakeshoe闸片brakeling中磷闸瓦mediumphosphorbrakeshoe高磷闸瓦highphosphorbrakeshoe合成闸瓦compositebrakeshoe制动盘brakingdisc心盘面自由高freeheightfromrailtoptocentreplatewearingsurface转向架对角线bogiediagonal轴距wheelbase固定轴距fixedorrigidwheelbase转向架全轴距to