BEC-口语考试资料-job-sharing

Job-sharingThereareanumberofpointstoconsiderwhenarrangingjob-sharing.Thefirstthingistofindsomeoneyoulike.Becausethepersonisyourpartnerwhocoorperatewithyouinthesamejobinthedifferentworktime.Thesecondthingistoorganizeandplanhowyousharethework.Thiscaneliminatetheconfusionoftheworkwhilemaintainingproductivity,Thethirdthingistoarrangeafixedtimetocommunicate.Becauseyouandyourpartnerwilldothesamejobinthedifferenttimesothatyouneedagoodcommunicationandplantoimproveefficiency.Inaddition(Tosumup),job-sharingallowstheemployeetoworkpart-timeinordertospendmoretimewiththeirfamilies,attendschool,orpursueotherpersonalinterestswhenweobeytheruleofthejob-sharing.FreelanceThereareanumberofpointstoconsiderifyouareafreelancer.Thefirstthingistoowntheabilityofworkingindependently.Somepeoplecandolittlealonebutworkinginthegroup.Thiskindofpeoplecan’tdoagoodfreelancer.Thesecondthingistoorganizeandplanhowyouarrangethejobofdifferentcompany.Becauseyousellyourworkorservicestoanumberofdifferentcompanies,youmustdealwiththerelationshipofdifferentjobs.Thethirdisagoodresource.Thatisforthecompanywhichyouareworkingforcan’tofferyouenoughresourceforafreelancer.Inaddition(Tosumup),Workingindependentlyandontemporarycontractsratherthanforalong-termemployer.(Notes:takethehighroad=dothingsinanethicalway)Yousellyourworkorservicestoanumberofdifferentcompanies.HotdeskingMoreproductiveuseofofficespace;ofteninvolves,toagreaterorlesserextent,eliminatingpersonalownershipofdesks.Itisamethodofsharingdesks,withworkerswhoareusuallyworkingelsewherebookingspacetowork.Thishasbeenmadeeasierbytheuseoflaptopsandjustbeingabletoplugthesestraightintodockingpointsateverydesk.Thisallowsworkerstocarryouttheirtasksanywherewhentheyareworkingfromtheirownlaptop.Advantages:Costsavinginfurnitureandoverheadssuchaselectricity,phonebills,computermaintenance,rent,air-conditioning,etc.Disadvantage:nopersonalterritoryorprivacy.Youdon’thaveapermanentplaceorofficetoworkat,butyoufindaplacetoworkwhenyouarrive.ShiftWorkWorkthatisbrokenintochunksoftime,e.g.thedayshiftmaybe8a.m.to4p.m.;thenightshiftmidnightto8a.m.,etc.RelatedTerm:OT(overtimepay)Youworkduringdifferentpartsoftheday(eg.nights).TeleworkingAcatch-alltermdescribinganywayofworkingatadistanceusingacombinationofcomputersandtelecommunications.Itisoftenassociatedwithhome-basedworking,butincludesmobileworking,etcCompare:WorkfromHomevs.WorkatHomeYouworkforacompanyfromhomeviaemail,phoneortheInternet.TelecommutingThistermisusedinterchangeablywithteleworking,andisthemorecommontermintheUS.Theconceptualemphasisisonreplacingthecommutejourneythroughelectronicaccesstotheworkplace.Synonyms:telecommuter/home-basedworkerFlextimeFlextime(flexibleworktime)isthemostpopularflexibleworkarrangementthatrequiresemployeestoworkastandardnumberofhourseachweekbutallowsthemtochoosetheirownstartingandquittingtimes.However,aportionofeachdayisdesignatedascoretime/hourswhenallemployeesmustbepresent.Youworkanumberofhoursperweekormonthbutyoudecidewhenyoustartorfinish.Job-sharingAlternativeworkscheduleinwhichtwoemployeesvoluntarilysharetheresponsibilitiesofonefulltimejob,andreceivesalaryandbenefitsonpro-ratabasis(按比例均摊).Forexample,onepersonmayworkinacertainpositionMondayandTuesday,andasecondpersonmayoccupythatsamepositionThursdayandFriday.ThetwopeoplemaybothworkonWednesdayandusethattimetoupdateeachotheronthecurrentstatusofthevariousprojectsonwhichtheycollaborate.Avarietyofotherarrangementsarepossibleaswell.Twoormoreworkerssharethedutiesofonefulltimejob,witheachpersonworkingonaparttimebasis.Examples:•Twoworkerssplittheworkofasingleposition60%/40%,sharethesalaryaccordingly,andareintheoffice2daysperweekatthesametime.•Twoworkersshareasinglepositionanddecidetogetherwheneachwillworkandwhichtaskseachwillperform.TempingWorkingshortemploymenttaskswithavarietyofclients,usuallythroughatempingagencyorstaffingfirm.Previouslytempsweremostlyadministrative,butjob-seekerscannowfindtempingagenciescoveringmostprofessions.Tempingisgreatforbuildingresume,learningskills,networking-andjobflexibilityandvariety.Youworkfordifferentcompaniesforashorttimewithoutapermanentcontract.Consultancy(顾问工作)Theactofanindividualororganizationprovidingprofessionaladvicetoothersforafee.Awidevarietyofconsultantsexistformanyareasoforganizationalconcerns,includingmanagement,accounting,finance,andlegalandtechnicalmatters.Youaren’temployedbyacompany,butarepaidtogivespecialistadvice.Part-yearWork:Workersworkonlyacertainnumberofmonthsperyear.Examples:•Asemi-retiredaccountantworksforanaccountingfirmduringitsbusyseasonfromJanuarythroughMay.Hetakestheremainderoftheyearofftotravel.•Ateacherworksanine-monthyear.Youonlyworkforsomeoftheweek(notfull-time).Whatisimportanttorememberwhendecidingwhattypeofadvertisingtouse?Whendecidingwhichtypeofadvertisingtouse,thefirstthingistoconsiderthecost.Thecompanyshoulddecidethetypeofadvertisingaccordingtothebudget.Ifitissoexpensivethatthecompanycannotaffordit,itwillcauseunnecessaryburdentothecompany.Inadditiontocost,alsorememberthatitshouldreachvastnumberoftargetcustomers.Forexample,ifthep