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AdverbialClauses条件状语原因状语目的状语地点状语比较状语结果状语时间状语让步状语方式状语•掌握状语从句的关键1.准确掌握每一个连词的含义。2.注意主句和从句的时态呼应。(1)as,while,when•Whichdoyouchoose?－I′mgoingtothepostoffice.－_____youarethere,canyoubuymesomestamps?A．AsB．whileC．BecauseD．If连接词类别作用例句asas表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。1.ShecameupasIwascooking.（同时）2.Therunnersstartedasthegunwentoff.（几乎同时）whenwhen可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。1.Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.（在一段时间内）2.Sorry，Iwasoutwhenyoucalledme．（call为短暂性动词）对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。3.WhenIgottotheairport，theguestshadleft．（gotto后发生）当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。while从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，(when，while，as都可使用)。主句中的动作或事情是在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。1.When／While／Asweweredancing，astrangercamein．（dance为延续性动词）。2.Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.•While,when在句中的不同含义:WhileIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.(while=_______)WhileIreallydon’tlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.(while=_________)Helikespopmusic,whileIamfondoffolkmusic.Strikewhileironishot.1)Theywerewalkingdownthestreetwhentheysawanaccident.2)Ihadjustgothomewhenitbegantorain.3)Iwasabouttogoswimmingwhenourguidestoppedme.4)It'scoldwhenitsnows.1.AsIleftthehouse,Iforgotthekey.2.AsIgetolder,Igetmoreoptimistic.3.Helookedbehindashewent.4.Astheweatherissobad,wehavetostayhome.5.Youcandoitasyoulike.6.Oldasheis,heisstillenergetic.Judgethemeaningsof“as”.•Fillintheblankswith“when,while,as”•1______youmeetawordyoudon'tknow,consultthedictionary.•2.Thestudentstooknotes_____theylistened.•3._____thewindrose,thenoiseincreased.•4.Shecalled_______Iwasout.•5.Wemuststrike______theironishot.•6.________youhavefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.•7.Iwasjustreadingabook______shecameintomyroom.whenasAswhilewhileWhenwhen•before用法1.Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.2.Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.3.Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.4.BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.注意：before从句中谓语不用否定式。Beforetheyreachedthestation,thetrainhadgone.……才还没有/不到……就……趁……（还未）还没来得及……•含有before的句型结构：1.Itwillbe/was＋一段时间＋before…“过多久才”•It_________________________(还要过两年)heleavesthecountry.•It______________________(过了很长一段时间)beforehegottosleepagain.2.Itwillbe/was+not＋一段时间＋before…“不多久就……”•Itwasn’ttwoyearsbeforeheleftthecountry.•Itwasnotlongbeforehecameback.•Since用法1.IhavereturnedhomefourtimessinceIcamehere.2.Shehasbeenworkinghere(eversince)heleftschool.•常用句型：Ithasbeen(is)+时间段+since从句“自从……有多长时间了”•毕业已经有六年时间了。•Ithasbeen(is)sixyearssinceshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.（2）引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：①till,until,•Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.•Hewaitedforhisfatheruntil(till)itwastwelveo’clock.②once,assoonas,directly,immediately,•AssoonasIhavefinishedit,I’llgiveyouacall.•Onceyoushowanyfear,hewillattackyou.•Hemadeforthedoordirectlyheheardtheknock.③themoment,theminute,thesecond…一……就•hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than表示“一……就•Wehadhardlygotintothecountrywhenitbegantorain.•Hehadnosoonerarrivedthanshestartedcomplaining.④eachtime,everytime,thefirsttime,bythetime…•Eachtimehecametomycity,hewouldcallonme.•ThefirsttimeIcametoShanghai,Iloveditverymuch.•Bythetimethedoctorarrived,themanhadcometo.•连接词：because,as,since,nowthat,for,e.g.Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.表示“直接”原因。c.f.Hemightbeill,forhedidn’tcometoschool.表示“间接的推断”原因.不可出现在句首。•because直接原因，非推断．语气最强．回答why的问题。•since通常放句首．译为“既然”=nowthat…•as不谈自明的原因，语气最弱。•for放句中，引导后半句表原因,或补充推断的理由。Backtoschool课后作业