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12I’vejustmadeamodelspaceship.Astronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.Hasitarrivedyet?Wehavenotfoundlifeonanyotherplanetsyet.Presentation3Grammar现在完成时用在什么地方呢？1.当我们要表达“某人曾经做过某事”,“某人已经做了某事”等意思时,英语要用“现在完成时”来表达。2.当表示动作已经完成并对现在有一定的影响时，我们也用现在完成时。4现在完成时的谓语动词：have/has+p.p.(动词过去分词)everbeforeneveralreadyjustyetsofar标志词5我父母曾经坐船去大连旅游。她已经完成作业。我父母未曾坐船去过大连旅游。MyparentshaveevertravelledtoDalianbyship.Shehasalreadyfinishedherhomework.Mybrotherhasn’ttravelledtoDalianbyship.hasnevertravelled6她还没有完成作业。你父母曾经坐船去大连旅游过吗？她已经完成作业了吗？HaveyourparentsevertravelledtoDalianbyship?Hasshefinishedherhomeworkyet?Shehasn’tfinishedherhomework.72.要表达“刚刚做完某事”“已经做完某事”时，我们同样可以用现在完成时。例如:Ihavejustheardthenews.Astronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.可以看出，just用来表示“刚刚”，already用来表示“已经”，一般置于have/has之后，两者都用于肯定句，在否定句中则要用yet,表示“还（未）”。例如：Thescientistshaven’theardfromityet.8havebeento与havegoneto的区别1.have/hasbeento意为“曾经去过某地”，表示人现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用。例如：I’vejustbeentothepostoffice.我刚刚去过邮局了。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗？MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.玛丽从未去过长城。9have/hasbeento后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。I’vebeentoBeijingthreetimes.我去过北京三次。Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他们已经去过那个村庄好几次了。102.have/hasgoneto意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。例如：—WhereisTom?汤姆在哪里？—Hehasgonetothebookshop.他到书店去了。11与现在完成时连用的几个副词：肯定句:疑问句和否定句:yet常置于句末already,never,ever,just一般置于助动词have/has与过去分词之间。already,just,ever,yet,neveralready,justever,yet,never12A:Haveyou…?B:Yes,…/No,…(usingalready,just,ever,yet,never)13SpaceshiponMarsAstronautshave__________beentothemoonbuttheyhavenotbeentoanyotherplanets.However,aspaceshiphas__________arrivedonMarsandithas________sentbackphotosoftheredplanet.IstherelifeonMars?Wedonotknow______.1.Completethenewswithalready,justandyet.Practicealreadyalreadyjustyet141.Astronautshavebeen/gonetothemoonandreturned.2.Thespaceshiphasbeen/goneintospace.Itwilltravelfortendays.3.Theastronauthasbeen/gonetothespacestation.Hewillcomebacktomorrow.4.Thespaceshiphasbeen/gonetothespacestation.Itbroughtbacktwoastronauts.Choosethecorrectanswer.√√√√15have/hasbeenhave/hasgone1.Aspaceship_____________toMars.Itiscomingbacktoearthnextyear.2.Lotsofastronauts____________tothespacestation.Theyfounditveryinteresting.3.Someastronauts____________tothemoon.4.ABritishastronaut____________tothespacestation.HewillcomebackinJanuary.Completethesentenceswiththeexpressions.hasgonehavebeenhavebeenhasgone16Nicky:I’vejust_________(watch)agreatTVprogrammeaboutspace.Doyouknowthatscientistshave__________(discover)wateronMars?Bill:No!Really?That’sveryinteresting.________they_____(try)tofindlifeonmars?Completetheconversation.watcheddiscoveredHavetried17Nicky:Well,they’relookingforlifebutthey______________(notfind)anythingyet.Bill:_________you________(see)thephotosofMars?Nicky:No.Whatdoesitlooklike?Bill:It’sred！haven’tfoundHaveseen18DearLiFang,I’ve_________finishedreadingagreatbookatschool.Ihaven’t___________anythingasgoodasthatforalongtime!It’sastoryaboutthesolarsystem.Inthebook,thewriterimaginesthatastronautshave________toMars.I’ve_________readthatbeforeandIthinkit’sveryinteresting.Completetheemailwiththewordsinthebox.been,just,met,never,read,written,yetjustreadbeennever19Ihaven’t_________anyonefamousinmylifebutIhopeonedayIcanmeetanastronaut.I’ve________toaChineseastronautformoreinformationaboutspaceandhisexperienceofspacetravel.Ihopehewillwriteback.Hehasn’t_______.Maybeheistoobusy.I’mstillwaiting.Bestwishes,LiuDanmetwrittenyet20Listenandcompletethenotes.1.TheastronautjoinedCNSA________yearsago.2.Hehasflowninaspaceship_______times.3.Hefelt_________whenhewasinthespaceship.4.Hehasbeentothespacestation_____________.5.Theearthwasvery________whenhesawitfromthespacestation.6.Hedecidedtobeanastronautbecausehehasalwaysbeen_______inspace.21astronautdiscovermoonnewsreachspaceshipyetInJuly1969NeilArmstrongbecamethefirst__________towalkonthe________.Peopleallaroundtheworldwatchedtheirtelevisionswaitingforthe________to______theearth.Wehavenow___________alotmoreaboutoursolarsystemandwehavesent___________toMars,butnoonehaswalkedonthatplanet.Not______butIdonot________someonewilloneday!astronautmoonnewsreachdiscoveredspaceshipdoubtyetCompletethepassagewiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.22很多同学在接触了现在完成时态后。感到很迷惑：都是过去发生的动作，那么什么情况下用一般过去时态？什么情况下用现在完成时态？我总结了以下四点，希望能给同学们一些帮助。231）一般过去时态表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时态中动作为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。如:Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了）Ihavealreadyseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知了）Ihaven’tfinishedmyworkyet.(强调对现在的影响，还有工作要做，不能去玩)Whendidyoufinishyourhomework?(询问过去的动作所发生的时间，与现在无关)242）一般过去时态表示动作在过去已经停止；现在完成时态表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在。如：Annvisitedherunclelastweekend.(visit这个动作在过去已经停止)Theyhavelivedheresince1983.(livehere这个动作从1983年开始，一直延续到现在)IhavetaughtEnglishsince2002.(teachEnglish这个动作从2002年开始，一直持续到现在)WehavelearnedEnglishforoneandahalfyears.(learnEnglish这个动作算到现在已经有一年半了)253）一般过去时态常用非延续性动词，也叫终止性动词或瞬间动词。如go/come/leave;begin/start;buy,borrow,die;marry;join;等。现在完成时态可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，与时间段连用时动词一般是延续性的，如keep,have,live,teach,learn,work,study,know,be等。如：HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(join是短暂动词）Heh