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人教版选修八Unit1语法学案1/7Book8unit1Grammar名词性从句名词性从句的功能:功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。名词性从句:表语从句、宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句一、主语从句小组讨论，找出下列句子的主语并总结。1.Amooncakeisadelicious,roundcake.2.Idon’tknowifitwillgrow.3.Togiveisbetterthantoreceive4.Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.总结：主语可由____词、____词、数词、不定式、动名词和______等来承担。一般位于谓动词________。一、小组讨论并判断下列句子那些是主语从句。YesorNo?1.Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.2.Ithinkthatyoumustworkharder.3.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.4.Whentheywillcomeisunknown.5.Whowillbeourmonitorhasn'tbeendecidedyet.6.Whateveryoudidisright.7.Whatweneedistime.8.Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch.二．课堂练习：（1）________hesaidwasnottrue.（2）________helikesmostisreading.（3）_______heisbraveistrue.人教版选修八Unit1语法学案2/7（4）_______willtakepartinthemeetinghasnotbeendecided.（5）________sheisfromisunknown.（6）________shekeepshealthyisasecret.（7）________canjoininthesportmeetisdecidedbytheteacher.（8）________bookIshallchoosehasn’tbeendecided.三、主语从句特殊用法：1.Itisverylikelythattheywillholdameeting.It+be+名词/形容词+主语从句2.Itseemsthathehasseenthefilm.似乎It+不及物动词(seem,happen,matter)+主语从句3.ItissaidthatPresidentObamawillvisitourschoolnextweek.据说…It＋过去分词＋从句总结：it做形式主语，为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末。四、主语从句在写作中的运用。(1)______________(众所周知)ChinalaunchedtheirShenzhouXImannedspaceshipsuccessfullyonOctober17,2016,carryingtwoChineseastronauts,JingHaipengandChenDong.After33-daysstayinspace,theyreturnedtotheearth.Intheiropinion,(2)_____________(这是他们的荣幸)thattheywerechosentobetheastronautsofShenzhouXIspaceship.Duringtheirtrip,(3)____________(令他们惊讶的事)wasthatthegravitybecameverystrongwhentheirrocketroseintotheair.However,(4)_______________(让他们振奋的事)wasseeingtheearthfromspace.Theyalsosaidthatitdidn’tmatter(5)______________(多么困难)Theywouldfinishthetaskwithheartandsoul.Allinall,itisanewchapterforChina’sspaceindustry.二、宾语从句1、定义：在复合句中作动词或介词宾语的从句叫宾语从句。2、类别1）动词后的宾语从句:人教版选修八Unit1语法学案3/7Iheard_______hewouldcomeherelateron.2）介词后的宾语从句:Hesaidnothingabout________brokethewindowlastnight.某些形容词或过去分词后的宾语从句①IamnotsureIoughttodo.3、宾语从句的引导词(1)从属连词that①Hetoldus________________________.他对我们说他感到不舒服。②Iknow_______________________.我知道他已经回来了。（此处that可省略）分析：从句中________(缺/不缺)句子成分，____（有/无）实际意义，只起连接作用，所以填that(2)从属连词if/whether。如：①Idoubt_____________________.我怀疑他是否会成功。②Idon’tknow__________________.我不知道你能否帮助我。分析：从句中_______(缺/不缺)句子成分，意为______,只起连接作用，所以填if/whetherwhether与if引导宾语从句的区别情况whetherif①从句置于句首时√②从句作介词的宾语时√③从句作discuss,doubt（doubt用于肯定结构时）等动词的宾语时√④与ornot或动词不定式直接连用时√⑤用if容易产生歧义时√⑥从句为否定句时√人教版选修八Unit1语法学案4/7操练：用if/whether填空。①_____________shewillcomeornotisstillaquestion．她是否能来还是个问题。②I'minterestedin_____________helikesEnglish．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。③Letmeknow_______________ornothewillcome.让我知道他是否能来。④Hehasn'tdecided________tovisittheoldman.他尚未决定是否拜访那位人。⑤______________thisistrueornot，Ican'tsay．这是否真的我说不上来。⑥Peopledoubt__________________heisathief.人们怀疑他是否是小偷。⑦Heasked______Ididn’tcometoschoolyesterday.他问我昨天是否没来学校。5、注意事项1）从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省略。Hephonedustotell(that)itwastimeforustosetoffand______hewouldwaitforusatthefirstcrossing.(第一个that可省略，第二个that不可省略)2）在insist，demand，order，suggest,propose,advise,desire等表示坚持、命令、建议等意义的动词后，that宾语从句中谓语常用“(should)+动词原形”，表示虚拟。Wangweiinsistedthatshe__________________(organize)thetripwell.3）动词+it+形容词或惯用搭配+that从句，it为形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语。Ithink___________necessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.4）动词doubt用于否定结构或疑问结构时，宾语从句的引导词用that。5）否定前移：Idon’tthinkyouareright.____________________.(翻译)三、表语从句1、概念：表语从句是在复合句中作表语的从句。2、放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”3、可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。人教版选修八Unit1语法学案5/7※由从属连词that不可省，whether引导的表语从句1）Thetroubleis______shehaslosthismoney.麻烦的事是他丢了钱。_不作成分2）Thequestionis__________weneedmoreicecream._____不作成分※由关系代词which,who,what,whose等引导的表语从句1）Thequestionis_______ofusshouldgo.问题是我们哪一个应该去(作定语)2）Theproblemwas_____coulddothework.问题是谁能做这项工作。(作主语)3)That's________heisworryingabout.那就是他在担心的事。(作宾语)Timeis_________weshouldtreasure.时间应该是我们珍惜的。(作宾语)Chinaisnolonger_________itusedtobe.中国不再是过去的中国。(作表语)※由关系副词when,where,why,how等引导的表语从句1)Goandgetyourcoat.It's_____youleftit.去把雨衣拿来就在你原来放的地方。2）Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.That’s__________Igotwetthrough.我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。3)__________ishowmiceruinmanystoresofgraineveryyear.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的。引导名词性从句的连接词连词：that/whether/if(主语从句没有if)连接代词：who/what/which（哪一个）/whosewh+ever连接副词：when/where/how/why总结：（1）_______只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。（2）__________在从句充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。（3）________在从句中充当状语。(4)在主语从句，表语从句中的that不能省。实践冲关：一、单句改错人教版选修八Unit1语法学案6/71、Thattheyaregoingtodiscussatthemeetingishowtoincreasefoodsupplyintheworld.2、Whyfarmlandhereisbeinglostisbecausefarmershavecutdowntoomanytreesinrecentyears.3、Ifthefamousscientistwillcometoattendtheagriculturalconferenceisnotknownyet.4、Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus..5、Tellmewhatithashappenedtoyou.6、Weconsiderthatimpossiblethatwefinishitinaday.7、MothermadeapromiseifIgottheprize,shewouldbuyabike.8、Hedidn’tcomeyesterday.Thatiswhyhewasill.9、Thebuswasempty,soIcouldtakewhichseatIliked.10、Itisdifficultforustoimaginehowlifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.二、语法填空。ThomasEdisonwasoneofthete