东南大学CPU报告

Micro-programmedCPUReportCOACourseDesign止于至善1contentsPurpose..........................................................................................................................2ExperimentPrinciple......................................................................................................2InstructionSet.........................................................................................................2InternalRegistersandMemory..............................................................................3MAR(MemoryAddressRegister).....................................................................3MBR(MemoryBufferRegister)........................................................................4PC(ProgramCounter)......................................................................................4IR(InstructionRegister)...................................................................................4ACC(Accumulator)...........................................................................................5MR(MultiplierRegister)...................................................................................5DR(DivisionRegister).......................................................................................5LPM_RAM_DQ.................................................................................................5ALU(ArithmeticLogicUnit)..............................................................................6Micro-programmedControlUnit.....................................................................6CPUArchitecture.............................................................................................8ControlsignalsinControlMemory.................................................................8ContentsofControlMemory..........................................................................9Toplevelcircuitdiagram..............................................................................................11Simulationresults:.......................................................................................................12Problem1:Calculatethesumofallintegersfrom1to100.........................12Problem2:Calculate300and275................................................................14ResultsAnalysis.............................................................................................14FurtherImprovement..................................................................................................15Reference.....................................................................................................................15Appendix......................................................................................................................151．MBRmodule...........................................................................................152．BRmodule...............................................................................................163．ALUmodule.............................................................................................174．IRmodule..............................................................................................1885．PCmodule.............................................................................................1996．MARmodule...........................................................................................207．control_unitmodule...............................................................................218．MRmodule..............................................................................................22止于至善2PurposeThepurposeofthisprojectistodesignasimpleCPU(CentralProcessingUnit).ThisCPUhasbasicinstructionset,andwewillutilizeitsinstructionsettogenerateaverysimpleprogramtoverifyitsperformance.Forsimplicity,wewillonlyconsidertherelationshipamongtheCPU,registers,memoryandinstructionset.Thatistosayweonlyneedtoconsiderthefollowingitems:Read/WriteRegisters,Read/WriteMemoryandexecutetheinstructions.AtleastfourpartsconstituteasimpleCPU:thecontrolunit,theinternalregisters,theALUandinstructionset,whicharethemainaspectsofourprojectdesignandwillbestudied.ExperimentPrincipleInstructionSetSingle-addressinstructionformatisusedinoursimpleCPUdesign.Theinstructionwordcontainstwosections:theoperationcode(opcode),whichdefinesthefunctionofinstructions(addition,subtraction,logicoperations,etc.);theaddresspart,inmostinstructions,theaddresspartcontainsthememorylocationofthedatumtobeoperated,wecalleditdirectaddressing.Insomeinstructions,theaddresspartistheoperand,whichiscalledimmediateaddressing.Forsimplicity,thesizeofmemoryis256×16inthecomputer.Theinstructionwordhas16bits.Theopcodeparthas8bitsandaddressparthas8bits.TheinstructionwordformatcanbeexpressedinFigure1OPCODE[15:8]ADDRESS[7:0]Figure1theinstructionformatTheopcodeoftherelevantinstructionsarelistedinTable1.InTable1,thenotation[x]representsthecontentsofthelocationxinthememory.Forexample,theinstructionword00000011101110012(03B916)meansthattheCP