Lesson9第一组[guide中2nd]Atouchofsomethingisaverysmallamountofit.一点例:Shethoughtshejusthadatouchoftheflu.她觉得她只是有一点感冒。range书上出现了三个意思n.范围;幅度;排;山脉vi.(在...内)变动;平行,列为一行;延伸;漫游;射程达到vt.漫游;放牧【guidetoreading第三段】;使并列;归类于;来回走动Arangeofmountainsorhillsisalineofthem.1山脉【第一段】例:...themassivemountainrangestothenorth.…连绵向北的巨大山脉。V-IIfthingsrangebetweentwopointsorrangefromonepointtoanother,theyvarywithinthesepointsonascaleofmeasurementorquality.2(在一定幅度内)变化【第7段】例:Theyrangeinpricefrom$3to$15.它们的价格在$3到$15之间变化。河流mouth,ria河口flord峡湾current,watercourse水流stream,brook小溪torrent湍流山溪rapids急流source源头spring泉bed河床flood洪水flow泛滥swelling,freshet河水猛涨,涨水basin流域waterfall,falls,cascade瀑布cataract大瀑布tributary支流confluent汇合点meander河曲canal运河wadi,wady干谷分类词汇→地理→山脉mountainrange,mountainchain山脉knot山脉的交结点mountain,mount山massif山丘mountaincrest陡峭的山峰summit,top,crest山顶,峰peak山顶,巅mountainpass,col山口highestpeak高山spur,ridge山嘴slope,side山坡volcano火山lava熔岩activevolcano活火山ravine,canyon山谷narrowpass羊肠小道gorge峡谷crevice断裂precipice悬崖glacier冰川plateau,tableland平原highplateau高原hill小山,山岗hillock小丘knoll圆丘rock岩石disposition[3rd]1.N-COUNTSomeone'sdispositionisthewaythattheytendtobehaveorfeel.性情例:Theridesareunsuitableforpeopleofanervousdisposition.这种骑乘不适合紧张型性格的人。advance[3rd]1.V-IToadvancemeanstomoveforward,ofteninordertoattacksomeone.(常指为攻击而)前进例:ReportsfromChadsuggestthatrebelforcesareadvancingonthecapital.来自乍得的报导指出叛军正在向首都挺进。Spare[3rd]V-TIfyousparesomeoneanunpleasantexperience,youpreventthemfromsufferingit.使免遭例:IwantedtospareFrancestheembarrassmentofdiscussingthissubject.我想使弗朗西丝免遭讨论这个话题的尴尬。Prisonersaresparedtheindignityofwearinguniforms.囚犯们被免于遭受身穿统一服装的侮辱。Reckon[6th]有指望之意常用搭配:reckonon还有“计算”“思考、考虑”的意思,V-TIfsomethingisreckonedtobeaparticularfigure,itiscalculatedtoberoughlythatamount.估算assess有估价之意大概意思就是要掂量掂量某物的价值,这样可以用来定征税买卖之类;对于员工业绩评价也可用assessmentevaluate有评价之意,例如人对人的评价estimate为带有猜测、预计性的,比如“预算”就可以用Journey[9th]V-IIfyoujourneysomewhere,youtravelthere.旅行例:InFebruary1935,NaomijourneyedtotheUnitedStatesforthefirsttime.1935年2月,内奥米第一次踏入美国。Slaughter[[9th]本义指大批宰杀动物,也指像屠宰牲畜一样一次杀死许多人massacre语气比slaughter强。指大屠杀,尤指屠杀失去了自卫能力的人。NankingMassacre南京大屠杀ButcherTobutcherananimalmeanstokillitandcutitupformeat.宰杀,屠宰例:Pigswerebutchered,hamswerehungtodryfromtheceiling.猪被宰杀了,火腿吊在屋顶下风干。Slay1.Ifsomeoneslaysananimal,theykillitinaviolentway.屠杀例:...thehillwhereSt.Georgeslewthedragon.…圣乔治屠龙之丘。2.V-TPASSIVEIfsomeonehasbeenslain,theyhavebeenmurdered.谋杀例:TwoAustraliantouristswereslain.两位澳大利亚游客被谋杀了。•词语辨析pasture,lawn,meadow[6th]这组词都有“草地”的意思,其区别是:pasture通常指放牧用的草地或牧草。lawn多指公园、庭院中经常加以修剪的草坪。meadow指为牲畜提供食用草,可以贮备干草的牧草地;也指野外的低草地。Score[8th]V-TIfyouscoreasurfacewithsomethingsharp,youcutalineornumberoflinesinit.划线于;刻痕于例:Lightlyscorethesurfaceofthesteakswithasharpcook'sknife.用一把锋利的菜刀在牛排表面上轻轻打花刀。peculiar[10th]含有“与众不同”,“独特”的意思。常用来表示“个体所独有而与同类其它事物相异(甚至于令人感到怪异)的意义。可用来表示特有的兴趣,习惯,友谊,场合等。例如:Heispeculiarincharacter.他性格古怪。Thisisacustompeculiartopeopleinthatprovince.这是该省人们特有的一种风俗。particular含有“个别”或“分别考虑”的意味,着重强调本身的“特殊”常用于表示特殊事物。例如:Thereisnothingparticularinthenewspaper.报上没特别的消息。Itisusedonlyonaparticularday.这东西只在某个特殊的日子才使用。special含有“非一般的”,“少见”或“专门”的意思,常指一般场合下的特殊,是比较普遍的用语,常和particular通用。例如:Itisworthyofspecialmention.这值得特别提起。Itisofspecialimportance.这是特别重要的。Inthatparticularcase,youshouldgiveherahand.那个特殊情况下,你应帮她一把。especial意思是“特别的”,与special同义,但special的应用较普遍。especial是古老用法,现在差不多已被special取代了。例如:Hemakesanespecial/aspecialstudyofEnglish.他专门研究英语。Itisanespecial/aspecialcase.这是个特殊情况。另外,我们还应了解这些形容词加后缀-ly构成的副词的语体特征:specially用于日常文体;especially用于正式文体;particularly和peculiarly用于正式或非正式文体皆可。但在特殊场合下的“特殊”情况,则往往用particular.如:endure,bear,stand,tolerate,withstand都表忍受,忍耐。bear忍受,容忍,指忍受使人悲痛、烦恼或痛苦的事情。如:Itishardtobeartobelaughedat.(被人取笑是难以忍受的。)endure忍耐,书面语,指长时间经受痛苦而不屈服。如:Ittakespatiencetoendurehardships.忍受苦难需要耐力。)stand忍受,与bear同义,但较口语化。如:Shecan’tstandhavingnothingtodo.(没事干,她受不了。)tolerate容忍,容许,指自我克制的态度,对于令人反感的事没有任何抗议。如:Ican’ttoleratehimifhegoesonlikethat.(他如果继续这样下去的话,我决不会容忍他。)withstand经受,承受,指顶住外来的压力和攻势。如:Theyhavewithstoodalltest.(他们经受了一切考验。)suffer通常指非自愿或被迫忍受各种痛苦、困难或不快,强调受到苦难。Abide[12th]指忍受长期的痛苦或折磨,强调耐心和屈从。多用于否定句和疑问句中。1.dwell同义词:bide,stay2.putupwithsomethingorsomebodyunpleasant同义词:digest,endure,stickout,stomach,bear,stand,tolerate,support,brook,suffer,Wake[14th]n.尾迹;守夜;守丧1.尾迹:theconsequencesofanevent(especiallyacatastrophicevent)inthewakeoftheaccidentnooneknewhowmanyhadbeeninjured(同义词:aftermathbackwash)2.守丧:avigilheldoveracorpsethenightbeforeburial星座英语词汇射手座----Sagittarius金牛座----Taurus双子座----Gemini天秤座----Libra天蝎座----Scorpion巨蟹座----Cancer--摩羯座----Capricorn白羊座----Aries宝瓶座----Aquarius狮子座----Leo处女座----Virgo双鱼座----Pisces二十四节气The24SolarTerms:立春Springbegins雨水Therains惊蛰Insectsawaken春分VernalEquinox清明Clearandbright谷雨Grainrain立夏Summerbegins小满Grainbuds芒种Graininear夏至Summersolstice小暑Slightheat大暑Greatheat立秋Autumnbegins处暑Stoppingtheheat白露Whitedews秋分AutumnEquinox寒露Colddews霜降Hoar-frostfalls立冬Winterbegins小雪Lightsnow大雪Heavysnow冬至WinterSolstice小寒Slightcold大寒Greatcold相关词汇表达及拓展常见花的英语翻译常见昆虫的英语表达常见树种的英语翻译常见作物的英语表达河流相关英语翻译天气相关表达星座相关英语词汇中国各种图腾的涵义(见word文档)