John-Keats-and-Shelley

珀西·比希·雪莱专升本英语一班Kevin201216010017I.LifeandLiteraryCareerII.MajorWorksBorninanaristocraticfamilyatSussex(苏塞克斯)EtonCollegein1804BiasedagainstbyteachersandstudentsInfluencedbyWilliamGodwin(威廉·葛德文)in1810CollectedandpublishedhispoemsAdmittedbyOxfordUniversityTheNecessityofAtheism(《无神论的必然》)DismissedbyOxfordUniversityin1811HisfatherAconservativeandnarrow-mindedbaronetDisownedwithhisfatherTwoMarriagesHarrietWestbrook(哈丽雅特·韦斯特布鲁克)MarriedherinEdinburghin1812HarrietdrownedherselfTheirmarriagewentwrongin1814ShelleytravelinEuropefrom1814to1816andfriendshipwithMarryMarriedMarryWollstonecraft,laterchangednametoMarryShellyHarrietWestbrookMarryShellyShelleydiedinasuddenstormOnJuly8,1822.Hisbodywascremated(火葬）byByron(拜伦）andtheashesburiedinRome.Onthetombstoneisinscribed“PercyByssheShelley,CORCORDIUM”,whichismeaning“TheHeartofHearts(众心指心）.FriendshipswithLeighHunt(利·亨特)、Hazlitt(黑兹利特)andJohnKeats(约翰·济慈)In1810,Collectedandpublishedhispoems;In1811,TheNecessityofAtheism(《无神论的必然》),writtenwheninOxfordUniversity;In1812,AnAddresstotheIrishandDeclarationofRights(《告爱尔兰人民书》、《权利宣言》）;In1813,QueentoMab(《仙后麦布》，writtenwheninLondon);In1818,TheRevoltofIslam(《伊斯兰的反叛》);In1819,MasqueofAnarchy(《专制者的假面游行》，apoliticallyrics,writtenwheninItaly;In1819,MasqueofAnarchy(《专制者的假面游行》，apoliticallyrics,writtenwheninItaly;SongtotheMenofEngland(《给英格兰人民的歌》）；TheCenci(《倩契》）；In1920,PrometheusUnbound(《解放了的普罗米修斯》)，writtenwheninItaly;In1921,Defenceofpoetry(《诗辩》，writtenwheninItaly);OdetotheWestWind(《西风颂》）.1)LyricalDramaPrometheusUnbound(《解放了的普罗米修斯》):ItisthemostfamousofShelley’slonepoem.Zeus:asymbolofallreactionaryinstitutions.Prometheus:asymbolofnoblequalities:man’sshapingintellect,hisheroicendurance,thedefianceagainsttyranny,theloveofmankind.2)LyricPoemsOdetotheWestWind(《西风颂》)WrittenintheAutumn,1819,andpublishedinthefollowingyear,thispoemhasbecomeoneofthemostpopularandbest-knownofShelley'sverses.InanoteShelleyoutlinedthecircumstancesbehindthepoem'smakingThisisbestofallthewell-knownlyricpiecesbyShelley.Ode:anelaboratelyformallyricpoem,oftenintheformofalengthyceremoniousaddresstoapersonorabstractentity,alwaysseriousandelevatedintone.OwildWestWind,thoubreathofAutumn’sbeing,狂野的秋风啊，你这秋的精气！Thou,fromwhoseunseenpresencetheleavesdead没看见你出现，枯叶已被扫空Aredriven,likeghostsfromanenchanterfleeing,像群群鬼魂没见法师就逃避——Yellow,andblack,andpale,andhecticred,它们或枯黄焦黑，或苍白潮红，Pestilence-strickenmultitudes:Othou,真是遭了瘟灾的一大片；你呀Whochariotesttotheirdarkwintrybed.你把迅飞的种子载送去过冬Thewingedseeds,wheretheyliecoldandlow,让它们僵睡在黑黢黢的地下，Eachlikeacorpsewithinitsgrave,until就像尸体在各自的墓里安躺，ThineazuresisteroftheSpringshallblow直到你那蔚蓝的春天妹妹呀，Herclariono’erthedreamingearth,andfill对梦乡中的大地把号角吹响，（Drivingsweetbudslikeflockstofeedinair)叫羊群般的花苞把大气吸饮，Withlivinghuesandodoursplainandhill:又让山野充满了色彩和芳香。WildSpirit,whichartmovingeverywhere;狂野的精灵，你正在四处巡行，Destroyerandpreserver;hear,ohhear!既拉朽摧枯又保护。哦，你听！FinalStanzaMakemethylyre,evenastheforestis:让我像森林一样做你的诗琴，Whatifmyleavesarefallinglikeitsown!哪伯我的叶像森林的叶凋落！Thetumultofthymightyharmonies这两者又美又悲的深沉秋音Willtakefrombothadeep,autumnaltone,你那呼啸的浩荡交响会囊括。Sweetthoughinsadness.Bethou,Spiritfierce,但愿你这刚烈的精神我也有！Myspirit!Bethoume,impetuousone!但愿一往无前的你也就是我！Drivemydeadthoughtsovertheuniverse请把我已死的思想扫出宇宙，Likewither’dleavestoquickenanewbirth!就像你为催新生把落叶扫除！And,bytheincantationofthisverse,而且凭着我这一诗歌的经咒,Scatter,asfromanunextinguish’dhearth把我的话语传遍这人间各处，Ashesandsparks,mywordsamongmankind!像由未灭的炉中吹送出火花！Bethroughmylipstounawaken’dearth愿你通过我的嘴响亮地吹出Thetrumpetofaprophecy!OWind,唤醒这人世的预言号声！风啊，IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?冬天既快来，春天难道还远吗？SongtotheMenofEngland（一）MenofEngland,whereforeplough英格兰人，何以要为欺凌—Forthelordswholayyelow?压榨你的地主老爷耕耘？Whereforeweavewithtoilandcare何以小心谨慎、千辛万苦—Therichrobesyourtyrantswear?为暴君和富人编织锦服？（二）Whereforefeed,andclothe,andsave,何以从那摇篮直至坟墓Fromthecradletothegrave,为其提供食品、衣服、救助？Thoseungratefuldroneswhowould寄生虫们何以忘恩负义—Drainyoursweat-nay,drinkyourblood?榨干吸尽你们汗水、血滴？（三）WhereforeBeesofEngland,forge英格兰的工蜂，何以锻造—Manyaweapon,chain,andscourge,这么多的武器、鞭子、镣铐？Thatthesestinglessdronesmayspoil这些无刺的雄蜂会掠夺—Theforcedproduceofyourtoil?你迫于辛劳所得的成果？（四）Haveyeleisure,comfort,calm,你们可有悠闲，舒适，安宁？Shelter,food,love’sgentlebalm?可有住所，食品，爱的温馨？Orwhatisityebuysodear何以用如此高昂的代价—Withyourpainandwithyourfear?来换取你的痛苦和惧怕？（五）Theseedyesow,anotherreaps；你们播的种子，他人享受；Thewealthyefind,anotherkeeps；你们找的财富，他人保留；Therobesyeweave,anotherwears；你们织的衣锦，他人穿戴；Thearmsyeforge,anotherbears.你们铸的兵器，他人佩带。（六）Sowseed,-butletnotyrantreap；播种，但是不让暴君收刈；Findwealth,-letnoimpostorheap；获取财富，不让骗子囤积；Weaverobes,-letnottheidlewear；织出衣锦，不让懒汉打扮；Forgearms,-inyourdefencetobear.锻造武器，捍卫自己安全。（七）Shrinktoyourcellars,holes,andcells；你们在为他人装饰厅堂；Inhallsyedeckanotherdwells.自己缩在地窖，洞穴，牢房。Whyshakethechainsyewrought?Yesee何以在自制锁链里颤栗？Thesteelyetemperedglanceonye.瞧，自制的钢刀，扫视着你。（八）Withploughandspade,andhoeandloom,你们用犁、铲，用织机、铁锄，Traceyourgrave,andbuildyourtomb,寻找和打造自己的坟墓，Andweaveyourwinding-sheet,tillfair编织出自己的裹尸寿衣，Englandbeyoursepulchre.直至美丽的英伦成墓地。约翰·济慈BorninthesuburbofLandon;FatherBeingkeeperofaliverystable;Diedinaridingaccident.MotherMarriedagain;Diedduetotuberculosissoon.Shoulderthetaskofearningbre