实用英语写作(基本技能讲义)

1雅思写作课程简介授课教师:():用户名：[e-mail]密码：nj.english学分：2学时：321.本课程的地位与作用2.本课程的教学目标3.本课程的基本要求课程简介3一、课程的地位与作用写作是英语学习中较为重要也有一定难度的技能，它对阅读、听力、口语都有促进作用，在日常工作、生活中也有实用需求。本课程的开设便是为了更好地贯彻大学英语新教学大纲的要求，使学生在今后工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行书面信息交流，提高综合文化素养，以适应我国经济发展和国际交流的需要。该课程以英语基本写作技巧训练为基础，结合日常生活的实际语言需要，强化学生应用文写作的能力，以全面提升学生的语言实际应用能力，并为今后更好地运用英语进行学习、工作打下良好的基础。本课程实用性强，有利于开阔学生的视野。本课程分为基础写作与应用文写作两大部分，从基础训练起步，介绍英语写作步骤和技巧，如篇章结构、思想组织等，从而教写段落、全文；在应用文部分，通过大量的应用文实例，逐步了解并学会写各类实用英语，如通知、便条、请柬、证明、申请信函、个人简历、推荐信等，以期在实际生活中熟练地用英语传递信息、交流思想。本课程以提高学生综合运用能力为目标，有利于学生培养实际能力，做到学以致用，因此实用性强，对将来考研、就业、出国的英文应用都有很大裨益。1.教学目标本课程以课堂讲授、课堂讨论及课内外操练等为主要教学手段，同时利用内容新颖、丰富多样的例段及范文进行讲解和分析，让学生学习、模仿和参照，加强学生对每种文体写作的理解和应用，从而掌握书面表达的基本方法和手段。《实用英语写作》旨在使学生了解并学习英语写作的步骤、基本原则和技巧，以及应用文的写作模式及方法。通过该课程的学习，学生不仅可以了解各类实用英语文书的写作要求和技巧，而且还可以更好地了解各类英语文书应用的工作环境，掌握有效的沟通技巧，全面提高实用英语写作能力。基本要求1）了解英语写作的理论框架及基本知识；2）通过基本功的训练，掌握英语写作的段落、提纲、全文方面最基本的写作步骤和技巧，写出主题较为明确、内容较为完善、语言较为通顺、格式符合要求的的文章；3）学会撰写个人简历、通知、便条、请柬等应用文。章次章名学时第1章第2章第3章第4章第5章第6章第7章第8章第9章第10章第11章第12章第13章第14章第15章第16章2222222222222222三、学时分配写作基本技能训练•实力+技巧•掌握丰富的词汇和•掌握多变的句型•注意中外文化的差异，•注意中外写作思路的不同9•选词•造句•篇章•完整作文1011DictionDictionisthechoiceandtheuseofwords12Howtomakeagooddiction?•By:•UsingtheAppropriateWord•—Levelofwords•UsingtheExactWord•—Meaningofwords•UsingFigurativeLanguage•—Figuresofspeech13LevelsofWords•Wordsaregenerallyclassifiedintofourgroupsaccordingtodifferentlevelsofusageorformality:Formal•Standardorcommon•Colloquialorinformal•Slang14FormalWords•Formalwordsmayalsobecalledlearnedwords,orliterarywords,or“big”words.MostofthemareofGreekofLatinorigin.•Formalwordsaremorecommonlyusedonaddresses,eulogies颂词,颂文,articlesforscholarlyjournals,technicalreports,legaldocuments,etc.•FormalEnglishavoidscontractions缩略词andcolloquialexpressionsandthereforesoundsdifferentfromthewayaveragepeoplespeak.15Example:•Thereisnothingnewintherecognition,withinagivenlanguage,ofadistinctionbetweencommonusageandusesofthelanguageformorerestrictedpurposesandoftenenough,perhapscharacteristically,moreelevatedpurposes.ThemonolithicnatureofEnglishisnotquestionedwhenliteraryessayistslikeEmersoncontrastpoetryandcommonspeech.ThelatterisrecognizedinAmericantobethepropersubjectfortheinvestigationofLinguistswho,however,nowshowsomeincipient开始的,初期的inclinationtoinvestigatepoetry,too,andothernoncasualutterancesinagivenlanguage.16Note:•Recognition(formal)•knowing(common)•seeing(common)•characteristically(formal)•typically(relativelycommon)•elevated(formal)•better(common)•higher(common)•monolithic(formal)•inseparable,unchangeable(relativelycommon)•investigation(formal)•research,study(common)•incipient(formal)•early(common)•beginning(common)•noncasual(formal)•special(common)•serious(common)•careful(common)•inclination(formal)•preference•(relativelycommon)•liking(common)•utterance(formal)•speaking(common)17StandardorCommonWords•Standardorcommonwordsarethoseusedbythewidestgroupofeducatedspeakersandwriters.•Commonwordsarepopularincollegewriting,andareoftenemployedinnewspaper,textbooks,non-fiction,bestsellers,etc.•CommonEnglishiseasytounderstand,andcomplieswellwiththewrittenlanguage.18Example:•WhenIwasakid,andreadingeverysciencefictionbookinthelocallibrary,Iusedtowonderexactlyhowthefuturewouldhappen.BythatIdon’tmeanwhatthefuturewouldbelike----sciencefictionalreadytoldmethat----butratherhowwe’dactuallygetthere.Sciencefictionbooksseemedtoagree,forexample,thatinthefuturetherewouldbenomoney----alltransactions可疑的wouldbemadeviaidentitycardsandcentralizedcomputers.Butthatseemeddubioustome:how,Iwondered,areyougoingtogeteverybodytogiveupmoneyinthefirstplace?19Note:•kid(colloquial)•child(common)••transaction(alittleformal)•business/trade(common)•dubious(alittleformal)•doubtful/unlikely(common)20ColloquialorInformalWords•ColloquialorinformalwordsareusuallyshortwordsofoneortwosyllablesandmostofthemareofSaxonorigin.•Colloquialorinformalwordsareoftenusedinspokenlanguageandinwritingaimedforaconversationaleffect.21Example:•Youhaveyourtension.Sometimesyoucomeclosetohavinganaccident,thatupsetsyou.Youjustescapemaybebyahairorso.Sometimesmaybeyougetadisgruntledpassengeronthere,andstartsabigargument.Traffic.Youhavesomeonewhocutsyouofforstopsinfrontofthebus.There’salotoftensionbehindthat.Yougottowatchallthetime.You’rewatchin’thedrivers,you’rewatchin’othercars.Mostofthetimeyouhavetodrivefortheotherdrivers,toavoidhittingthem.Soyoutakethetensionhomewithyou.22Note:•byahairorso:byalittlechance•onthere:There•cutsyouoff:makeyousuddenlystop•There’s:Thereis•gotto:Must•You’re:Youare•watchin’:watching23SlangWords•Slangreferstonovelandcolorfulexpressionsthatreflectacertaingroup’sspecialexperiencesandsetthegroupofffromothers•Slangisusedbyalmostallgroupsofpeople,frommusiciansandcomputerscientiststovegetariansandgolfers,oruneducatedspeaker.•Slangdisplaysendlessinventiveness.Itmaybevividandinteresting,butisimpreciseforeffectivewriting,andisgenerallyinappropriateforcollegeorbusinesswriting.24Example:•I’llattendtothatmyselfinth’mornin’.I’lltakekeero’’im.Heain’tfromthiscountrynohow.I’llgodownthereinth’mornin’andsee’im.Lettin’youleaveyou