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1.takeplace物;事做主语无进行,无被动1)发生Wasthereanybodypassingbywhentheaccidenttookplace?2）举行Thesingerwasill.Theperformancedidn’ttakeplaceafterall.与place相关短语：inone’splaceinplacetakeone’splacetaketheplaceof….处于某人的位置,为某人设身处地想一想在合适的位置,就位取代,就位取代，代替辨析:takeplace,happen,occur,breakout,comeabout1)takeplace指事先计划或预想到的事情的发生。我们学校的运动会将于下周五举行。OurschoolsportsmeetingisgoingtotakeplacenextFriday.2)happen偶然或未能预见的发生,可以和to连用或接that引导的从句。他碰巧没有读过那部小说。Hehappenednottohavereadthenovel.Ithappenedthathehadreadthenovel.3)occur既可指某事偶然发生,也指某事按计划发生,可与happen互换。也有“突然想起”之意，常与to连用许多事故是发生在家里的。常用于；sthoccurstosb/itoccurstosbthat…..Manyaccidentsoccurinthehouse.Agoodideaoccurredtohim.4)breakout仅用于负面场合,常用于灾难,战争,疾病之类事情的突然爆发。发生了大火/战争爆发了。Afire/warbrokeout.5)comeabout属于中性词组,既可用于表达正面事情的发生,又可用于表达负面事情的发生。你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？Canyoutellmehowtheaccidentcameabout？2.beautybeautiful/adj./美丽的beautify/v./美化3.harvest/n./&/v./收获，收割agoodharvest丰收harvester收割机/人Thefarmerhiredextraworkersfortheharvest.Wewillharvestthefruitinautumn.4.celebrate/v./庆祝Weheldapartytocelebrateoursuccess.celebrationn.congratulate/v./祝贺congratulatesb.on(doing)sth.I~himonpassingtheexam.congratulation（常加-s）5.starve/v./1)挨饿;饿死Millionsofpeoplestarvedtodeathduringthewar.2)(使某人)得不到某事物而受苦或渴望获得某事物;缺乏Thehomelesschildrenwerestarvedforlove.3)tofeelveryhungry感觉很饿,仅用于进行时态Whenwilldinnerbeready?I’mstarving.starvationn.[U]饿死dieofstarvationstarvationwages不够维持基本生活的工资6.origin起源，由来，起因Whatwastheoriginoftheaccident?Theoriginsoflifeonearth可用做可数名词或不可数名词,通常用作复数形式original/adj./原始的7.religious/adj./1）宗教上的，信奉宗教的Mostwesternpeoplehavereligiousbeliefs.很多西方人都有宗教信仰。2)虔诚的Sheisaveryreligiousperson.religion/n./宗教8.inmemoryof纪念Themuseumwasbuiltinmemoryofthefamousscientist.inhonorofinpraiseofincelebrationofinsearchofinneedofinfavourofinchargeof9.belief1)信任;信心[U]Ihavestrongbeliefinmyfuture.2)信仰[C]religiousbeliefs宗教信仰beyondbelief难以置信believe/v./相信believein信任10.dressup盛装，打扮Youshoulddressupwhenyoutakepartintheparty.dress给…穿衣服dresssb./oneself打扮某人（自己）Wakeupchildrenanddressthem.Hurryupandgetdressed.（动态）Thegirlwasdressedinred.（静态）11.trick1)/n./诡计，花招Theyhadtothinkofatricktogetpassedtheguards.do/performatrick玩把戏2)/n./窍门，招数Dailypracticeisthetrickinlearningaforeignlanguage.3）/vt./欺骗，诈骗ShetrickedtheSnowWhiteintoeatingthepoisonedapple.Themantrickedtheoldwomanoutofallhermoney.tricksbintosth/doingsth诱骗某人做某事tricksb.outofsth诱骗某人某物12.playatrick/trickson…捉弄…戏弄….Thenaughtyboylovesplayingtricksonothers.13.poet诗人/n./LiBaiisagreatpoetwhowrotemanyfamouspoems.14.arrival/n./1）到达，到来Thearrivalofthetrainis9:00.Onourarrivalatthefarm,wewerewelcomedbythefarmers.2)到达者Theywentouttowelcomethenewarrivals.anewarrival=ababyarrive/v./到达arrivein/at+地点15.gain1）获得Hegainedfullmarksintheexam.2)赢得Thescientistgainedtherespectofhisstudents.Nopains,nogains.一份耕耘，一分收获。16.independence独立，自主IndiagainedindependencefromBritainin1947.depend/v./dependent/adj./independent/adj./独立的，自主的bedependenton/upon依靠beindependentof不受…支配的不依赖的17.gather1）搜集Thewriterisgatheringmaterialsforhisworks.2)集合Theteachergatheredthestudentsaroundher.3)聚集Thecloudsaregathering.【辨析】collect指有计划,有选择地收集。Hecollectsstamps.18.award1）v.授予，判定TheyawardedhimthetitleofHero.EinsteinwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforPhysics.Therefereeawardedafreekick.2）n.奖，奖品ShegotthefirstawardintheEnglishcontest.Theawardfortheyear’sbestactresswasayoungwoman.awardsb.sth.=awardsthtosb.奖赏某人某物辨析:award和rewardaward后接双宾语reward奖赏,给……报酬,不能接双宾语;rewardsb.forsth.因……奖赏某人；rewardsb.withsth.用某物酬劳某人Sherewardedherselfwithacupofcoffeeafterawholemorning’shardwork.19.produce1)/v/生产Thefactoryproduces1,000carsaweek.2）/n/产品,尤指农产品Theshopsellsonlyfreshlocalproduce.product产品production产量productive多产的，生产的aproductivewriter一位多产的作家20.admire/v./1）钦佩,羡慕Wealladmirehimforhiscourageandbravery.admiresb.forsth.在某方面钦佩某人2)欣赏Iadmireyourpoemsverymuch.3)赞美Headmiredhernewdress.admiration/n./21.lookforwardto(doing)sth.期待着(做)某事ChildrenarelookingforwardtoSpringFestival.He’slookingforwardtohearingfromhispenpal.22.dayandnight日夜;昼夜;整天Hermotherisill.Shehastotakecareofherdayandnightinthehospital.23.clothing服装（总称，除衣裤还包括鞋帽）anarticleofclothing一件衣服Thecostoffood,clothingandshelterishigh.辨析:cloth,clothes,clothing1)cloth指做衣服等用的材料,如布料,毛料,丝绸等,不可数。“一块布料”是apieceofcloth.注意:cloth指具体用途的布时,可与冠词连用。atablecloth一块桌布adishcloth一块擦碗布2)clothes指具体的衣服,包括上衣,裤子等,不能与不定冠词或数词连用,但可与物主代词,指示代词,少数不定代词连用。作主语时,谓语用复数形式。Hewearsfineclothes.他穿着很讲究。3)clothing是衣服,服装的总称,是集合名词。作主语时候,谓语动词用单数形式。如果要表示“一件衣服”时,可以说anarticleofclothing或apieceofclothing,但不能用asuitofclothing那家商店卖童装。Theshopsellschildren'sclothing.24.asthoughasthough和asif没有什么区别。asif用得普遍些,却可引导方式状语从句和表语从句,其从句谓语常用虚拟语气。1)引导方式状语从句Sheactedasthoughnothinghadhappened．她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。当从句主语和主句主语一致,从句谓语中又含有动词be时,可以把主语和be一起省去。Helookedaboutasthough(hewas)insearchofsomething.他四处张望,好像寻找什么。2)引导表语从句Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain．asthough和asif从句用虚拟语气,还是用陈述语气,完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反,或者纯粹是一种假设,通常用虚拟语气。Thechildtalksasifshewereanadult.Hetalkedasifhehadknowneverything.25.havefun(withsb)(与某人)玩得开心Wehadfunwitheachotheronthatday.fun为不可数名词,没有复数,也不能加a.makefunof取笑……forfunreadforfun为了乐趣而读书/adj./funny有趣的26.custom1)风俗ThecelebrationoftheSpringFest