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第二节2.1冠词的种类冠词分为定冠词（the）和不定冠词（a，an）（一）不定冠词（a，an）a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。awoman/giftananswer/eye[注意点]判断单词的开头是元音还是辅音是根据读音，而不是字母！ahouse----anhourausefulbook----anuglygirl（二）定冠词表示一种特指theschoolgirl/worker/fan[注意点]泛指和特指It’saflagTheflagisred()1.HanMeimeiis___Chinesegirl.Lucyis____Englishgirl.A.a;aB.an;anC.a;anD.an;a()2.Alittleboywrote____Uand___nonthewall.A.a;anB.an;aC.an;anD.a;a()3_____oldladyinbrownis____universityprofessor.A.An;aB.An;/C.The;anD.The;a()4Therearesixtyminutesin__hour.A.anB.theC.aD./()5Thisis___interestingbookanditisalso____usefulone.A.an;anB.an;theC.an;aD.a;a()6Acomputeris____usefultoolin_____worldtoday.A.an;theB.a;theC.the;theD.a;a2.2冠词的用法（一）不定冠词的用法不定冠词a(an)与数词one同源，是一个的意思。a用于辅音音素前，一般读作[e]，而an则用于元音音素前，一般读做[en]。1)表示一个，意为one；指某人或某物，意为acertain。AMr.Lingiswaitingforyou.2)代表一类人或物。Aknifeisatoolforcuttingwith.Mr.Smithisanengineer.3)词组或成语。alittleof/afew/alot/atypeof/apile/agreatmany/manya/asarule/inahurry/inaminute/inaword/inashortwhile/afterawhile/haveacold/haveatry/keepaneyeon/allofasudden4）在单位，价格，速度，比率之前加a/an表示每一。。。Thecarismovingataspeedof80milesanhourThemedicineistobetaken3timesaday(二)定冠词的用法定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有那（这）个的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。1）特指双方都明白的人或物：Takethemedicine.把药吃了。2）上文提到过的人或事：Heboughtahouse.I'vebeentothehouse.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。3）指世上独一物二的事物：thesun，thesky，themoon，theearth4）单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：thedollar美元;thefox狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：therich富人;theliving生者。5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面：Wheredoyoulive?Iliveonthesecondfloor.你住在哪？我住在二层。That‘stheverythingI’vebeenlookingfor.那正是我要找的东西。6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体：Theyaretheteachersofthisschool.指全体教师)Theyareteachersofthisschool.(指部分教师)7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前：Shecaughtmebythearm..她抓住了我的手臂。8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前：thePeople‘sRepublicofChina中华人民共和国theUnitedStates美国9）用在表示乐器的名词之前：Sheplaysthepiano.她会弹钢琴。10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：theGreens格林一家人(或格林夫妇)11)用在惯用语中：intheday,inthemorning(afternoon，evening),thedayaftertomorrowthedaybeforeyesterday,thenextmorning,inthesky(water，field，country)inthedark,intherain,inthedistance,inthemiddle(of),intheend,onthewhole,bytheway,gotothetheatre()1MrsSmithis____friendof__A.the;mineB.a;meC.the;myD.a;mine()2Fsaw____accidentinthestreetyesterday.A.theB.aC.anD./()3Nowheis___artist.Ihaveknownhimsincehewas___one-year-oldboy.A.a;anB.a;aC.an;anD.an;a()4Thisis____egg.____eggisbig。A.a;AB.an;AnC.a;TheD.an;The()5Thereis___'Win___wordmap.A.a;anB.an;aC.an;theD.a;the()6Hereis___basket.___basketismine.A.a;TheB.the;An.C.a;AD.the;A()7Thereis____bridgeoverthere.____bridgeismadeofwood.A.the;TheB.a;AC.the;AD.a;The()8Heordered____booksometimeagoandnow____bookhasarrived.A.a;aB.the;aC.the;theD.a;the()9Shesaw____EnglishfilmlastSunday.Butshecannotremember___nameof___film.A.an;a;aB.a;the;aC.an;the;aD.an;the;the()10Thereis___oldmanunder___tree.A.an;theB.the;aC.a;theD.an;/()11Weshallvisityourcountryin____comingyearA.aB.theC.oneD.that2.3零冠词1)国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary；2）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词；Theyareteachers.他们是教师。3）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败乃成功之母。4）物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词；Mancannotlivewithoutwater.人离开水就无法生存。5）在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课。6）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词；TheguardstooktheAmericantoGeneralLee.士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。7）在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词如:havebreakfast，playchess8）当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词；Ican‘twritewithoutpenorpencil.没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字.9）当by与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；bybus，bytrain；10）有些个体名词不用冠词；如：school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义（某种行为）；gotohospital去医院看病gotothehospital去医院(并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)11)不用冠词的序数词；a.序数词前有物主代词b.序数词作副词Hecamefirstintherace.c.在固定词组中at(the)first,firstofall,fromfirsttolast()1.Whichisbigger___elephantor___horse?A.a;theB.an;aC.the;anD.an;the()2____monkeycanclimb____trees.A./;theB.A;/C.The;aD./;/()3____trainsarefasterthan____buses.A./;/B.The;/C./;theD.The;a()4Someanimals,like____cat,____dogor____wolf,donotneedtohibernate(冬眠).A./;/;theB.the;the;theC.a;/;theD.the;/;/2.4冠词的位置1）冠词＋形容词＋名词两个形容词都有冠词，表示两个不同东西。Heraisesablackandawhitecat.Theblackandthewhitecatsarehers.如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一物。Heraisesablackandwhitecat.2)不定冠词位置不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意：a.位于下列形容词之后：such，what，many，half，Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.Manyamanisfitforthejob.b.当名词前的形容词被副词as,so,too,how,however,enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后：ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent.Soshortatime.Toolongadistance.c.quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。但当rather，quite前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。如：quitealotd.在as，though引导的让步状语从句中，当标语为形容词修饰的名词时不定冠词放形容词后：Braveamanthoughheis，hetremblesatthesightofsnakes.他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。当名词被比较级形容词修饰时，不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。2)定冠词位置定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all，both，double，half，twice，threetimes等词之后，名词之前。Allthestudentsintheclasswentout.班里的所有学生都出去了。()1-Excuseme,mayIhave____water,please?-Sorry,thereisn't____waterin____bottle.A.any;any;theB.some;some;aC.some;any;theD.some;any;a()2Itisknowntoallthat__lighttravelsfasterthan___sound.A./;/B.a;aC.the;theD.the;/()3__water(Water)isnecessaryin___people'severydaylife.A./;/B.The;/C.The;theD./;the()4Icameherein____autumnof1982.A.oneB.aC.anD.the()5Tuesdayis___thirdd