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WhatdoyouknowaboutChineseCulture?ClassicLiteratureChineseCulture壹TraditionalChineseArtsFolkCultureFolkCultureTraditionalFoodMartialArtsTraditionalChineseMedicineChineseTeaTraditionalHolidaysandCustoms贰壹叁肆贰TraditionalChineseMedicineIntroductionandHistoryTheoryandBasicprinciplesMethodsofdiagnosisMethodsofTreatment贰IntroductionChinesemedicineprincipallyemploysamethodofanalysisandsynthesis,inquiringonamacro—levelintotheinternalandexternalenvironment.Thisapproachattempstogainanunderstandingofthefundermentallawswhichgovernthefunctioningofthehumanorganism,andtoapplythisunderstandingtothetreatmentandpreventionofdisease,andhealthmaintenance.ThehistoryofTraditionalChineseMedicineTraditionalChinesemedicine（TCM）originatedwithShenNong,thecelebratedherbalmasterofancientChinawholivedabout6,000yearsago,atimewhichisbelievedtobetheembryostageinthedevelopmentoftraditionalChinesemedicine.ShenNong’sHerbalClassic(《神农本草经》),priortotheQinDynastyrecords365workthatsumsvarietiesofmedicinalherbsandclassifiesthemintothreecategoriesinaccordancewiththeirrespectiveprimarytreatments,functionsandtoxiccharacter.ThisistheearliestpharmacopoeiaeverfoundinChina.Butwhenwetalkaboutthepharmacopoeia,wecannotneglectLishizhen’sworkCompendiumofmaterialmedica(《本草纲目》).ItissogreatthatweuseitasthebasisofthemodernTCM.•Toxic:[‘tɔksik]毒的；因中毒引起的•Pharmacopoeia:[,fɑ:məkə’pi:ə]药典•Compendium:[kəm’pendi:əm]摘要,纲要AtthepeakoftraditionalChinesemedicine,therecomesforthmanybrilliantdoctorsknownbytheyoungandtheold,suchasBianQue,HuaTuo,ZhangZhongjin,SunSimiao.Theirlegendsinspireusandmakeusconfidentofourtraditionalculture.HuaTuoBianQueTheTheoryofTCMChinesephilosophiesalwaysbelievethateverythingincludingtheuniverseisinterrelatedandchangingallthetime.Onehastoreachpeacefulstateofmindandharmonywiththesurroundingtomaintaingoodhealth.Anyharmfulthingdonetootherswillbringlonglastingmentalandphysicaldamagetoselfattheend.Humanorganismisjustlikeaminiatureversionoftheuniverse.Theyareinter-relatedandinterplayinthefivebasicelements,i.e.,wood,fire,earth,gold(ormetal)andwater.Theyareconstantlyinteractinginbetweentheopposingandunifyingforces-yinandyang.Healthisachievedwhentheequilibriumcanbemaintainedorsicknesswillappearwhenitisoutofbalance.Thisisthebasiclawthathumanandnatureallhavetofollow.So,differentfromthewesternmedicine,TraditionalChineseMedicinebelievesthatdiseaseisbasicallycausedbytheweakeningstateofabodyasawhole.Anditcuresdiseasebytryingtoreinforceandstimulatebody'sinternalstrength.TCMmaytakelongertimetocureadiseasebutitstrengthenstheoverallhealthofapatient.TraditionalChineseMedicinediagnosestheillnessbyfoursteps:贰MethodsofTreatmentChineseMedicineusesanumberoftechniquesorhealingmodalities,mostofwhichemploynon—drugtherapies.肆HerbalMedicinezhōngcǎoyàoThetreatmentoriginallyrequiredthepatienttoboilupmedicinalplantsandothermedicinalsubstances,anddrinktheresultantliquid.Herbalmedicineisusuallyusedtocounteracttheeffectsfromexcessivecold,heat,dampnessordryness,andtorestorenormalfunctionoftheorgans.肆AcupuncturezhēnjiǔReferstotheinsertionofveryfineneedlesintospecificacupointsonthebodywhichareknowntoregulatetheflowofQi.whendonebyanexpertChineseMedicinepractitionerisrarelypainful,butisrelaxingandprovidesasenseofrenewedenergyandwell-being,theaimofAcupunctureistorestorenormalhomeostasis.Acupunctureisawayinwhichthedoctorsusetheneedlespierceintothepatients’skinwherewecalledXueDaoinChinese.DoctorspierceintodifferentXueDaotocuredifferentdiseases.Forinstance,wepierceintotheHukouXuewhenwehaveastomachache.肆CuppingbáhuǒguànInthismodalityglassoracrylicsuctioncupsareappliedtospecificareasofthebody.Itismainlyusedforconditionsthatareassociatedwith“stagnation”whichoftenmainfestsaschronicpain.肆MassagetūináWhentired,youmaythinkofkneading,whileinTraditionalChineseMedicinethereisawaynamedmedicalmassagesameaskneading.Weuseitmoreoftenwhenourshouldersorwaisthurts.Thedoctorspushandpinchthepatients’musclewiththeirhands,makingthemfeelrelax.Qigongmustbeastrangewaytotheforeigners,butitisreallysomethingreasonableanduseful.NotonlycantheQigongcurediseases,butalsoitcankeepbalanceofthebodyandifyoukeeponexcisingitcanprotectyoufromillness.QiGong肆GuaSha肆肆Theskinontheback,limbs,andotherpartsofthebodyislubricatedandthenpressuredandscrapedwitharoundobject（aceramicspoon,apieceofjade,orsimilarobject）themethodproduces“sha”whicharesmallredpetechaie.GuaShacanbeusedtopreventandtreatdiseasesandstrengthenthebody.ithasaquickeffectonpainandanobviouseffectonvariousdiseasescausedbyfunctionaldisharmonyoftheinternalprgans.Generallyspeaking,thewesternandtraditionalChinesemedicineisessentiallydifferent.Inprinciple,westernmedicinecuresdiseasebyusingexternalforces.TCMinanotherhandattemptstoreinforceandstimulatebody'sinternalstrengthtocuredisease.Westernmedicinebasesonthetheorythatdiseaseiscausedbybacterialandotherexternalmeans.TCMbelievesthatdiseaseisbasicallycausedbytheimbalanceofbody.Itisanelementthatcurethediseaseinwesternmedicine,butitistheprescriptionthatworksnotoneelement.Forexample,whenwegetahighfever,thewesterndoctorwillgiveussomepillswhichco