【步步高】2015届高三英语人教新课标(通用)【配套PPT课件】语法专题五

专题五定语从句英语人教版◆定语从句的考查要点1．功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。2．位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。Thosewhoarefortheplanraiseyourhands，please.3．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some­，any­，every­和no­与­body，­thing的合成词；或all，none，any，some，that，those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。4．关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as等关系副词：when，where，why等5．确定关系词的步骤：(1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。(1)先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.(2)关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。Therearemanyplaceswecanvisit(them)inChina.6．在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which：(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。(2)先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，theonly，thevery，few等修饰时。(3)先行词为all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定代词时。(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.(5)先行词在主句中作表语时。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?7．宜用which而不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从句中。(2)在关系词前有介词时。(3)当先行词本身是that时。(4)关系词后有插入语时。8．关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词。(1)当主句是therebe句型时，关系词用who。(2)先行词是anyone，those，someone，everyone，one等词时，关系词用who。(3)当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?(4)whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。9．whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。DoyouknowMr.Smithwhosestoryisverymoving?Thereisaroom，whosewindowfacestheriver.10．关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。(1)先行词被such和thesame修饰，或句型asmany(much)中，从句都用as引导。Suchbooksasyouboughtareuseful.Theschoolisjustthesameasitwas10yearsago.注意：①such...that...引导结果状语从句。如：Theyaresuchlovelychildrenthatwelovethemmuch。②thesame...that...引导定语从句。如：Iwanttousethesametoolthatyouusedjustnow.(2)无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。区别：①意义上：as含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上：as从句可置句首，也可在另处。Hedidn’tpasstheexam，aswehadexpected.Thereislotsofairinloosesnow，whichcankeepthecoldout.Asisknown，theearthisround.题组训练1用适当的关系代词填空1．Theprizewillgotothewriterstoryshowsthemostimagination.2．TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT­shirt，isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.3．Ihavethreeforeignteachers,twoofarefromCanada.whosewhichwhom4．Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum，theconstructionofhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.5．Thisistheonlywaywecanfindatpresent.6．ThehouseinIusedtolivehasbecomeashoeshop.whichthatwhich11．关系副词when与where，why，thatwhen指时间＝in/at/on/duringwhichwhere指地点＝in/at/fromwhichwhy指原因＝forwhichthat可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词之后，取代when，where，why和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，修饰的先行词常为theway，thetime，theday，theplace等，在口语中that常被省略。Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hetalks.ThisisthefirsttimeIhavegivenyoualessoninFrench.题组训练2用适当的关系副词填空1．Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval，theaudiencecanbuyice­cream.2．Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator，itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.3．Canyouworkoutawaywecansolvethisproblem.4．Thedaysaregonephysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.5．Ididn’tknowthereasonhecamelate.whenwhere(that/inwhich)when(why)12．必须注意的问题：(1)关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。①定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。②强调句中it无意义，that/who不是引导词。③去掉itis/was和that/who后，如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。Itisthemuseumthat/whichwevisitedlastyear.(定语从句)Itwasinthehotelthatwestayedlastnight.(强调句)(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。①定语从句的引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语，有时可省略。②同位语从句的引导词被叫作连接词，that不充当任何成分，不可省。Wordcamethattheirarmywasdefeated.(同位语从句)Weexpressedtothemourwishthatwasthesameastheirs.(定语从句)(4)关系词在从句中省略的情况。①关系词作宾语，前无介词时。②关系词作表语。(5)关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。(6)几个特殊的定语从句句型：①Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarksinthematch.(句中one为先行词)Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.(句中students为先行词)②Isthisplacetheone(that)wevisitedyesterday?Isthistheplace(that/which)wevisitedyesterday?③Hestoodatthewindow，fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.④Itmayrain，inwhichcasethematchwillbeputoff.◆语法与写作用定语从句翻译下面的句子1．我们学生应该经常和我们的父母交换意见，他们经验丰富，最重要的是，他们是世界上最爱我们的人。(2013·重庆·写作一)Westudentsshouldoftenexchangeideaswithourparents，whoarerichinexperience，andaboveall，loveusmostintheworld.2．很抱歉我没有立刻回复一周前你寄给我的电子邮件。(2013·山东·写作)3．总之，能够在短时间内赢得他们的友谊是我一生中感到最自豪的事。(2013·浙江·书面表达)I’msorryIcouldn’treplytoyouremailwhichyousentmeaweekagoimmediately.Inaword，beingabletowintheirfriendshipinaveryshorttimeisthethingthatIamproudofmostinmylife.4．因此，那些做那些最不起眼工作的人应该得到和工程师或教师一样的尊重。(2013·广东·读写任务)5．我让他给你带去你以前要的中国画。(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ·书面表达)Consequently，thosewhodothosemostinsignificantjobsshouldgetrespectasmuchasthosebeingengineersorteachers.I’veaskedhimtobringyoutheChinesepaintingyou’veaskedforbefore.◆语法填空AManybirdscometotheArcticinthesummertoliveandbreed1.notallofthemlivehereallyearround.SnowyowlsaresomeoftheArcticbirds2.livehereallyearround.Snowyowlsliveonthetundra(苔原).TheystayintheArcticduringthewinterunless3.foodsourcesarescarce.IftheyleavetheArcticinthewintertheywilloverwinterinNorthernGreenland，Canadianislands，NorthernEurasia，WrangelIslandaswellasNorthAmerica.butthat/whichtheirThey4.(call)snowyowlsbecausetheircolorisalmostpurewhitewhentheyarefull­grown.Thefeetofsnowyowlsarecovered5.feathersandhaveextrathickpads.Snowyowlshaveincrediblevision.Theycanseefromhighupintheskyandswoopdown6.(silent)tocapturetheirprey.Likeallowlstheyhave7.(excellence)nightvision，butintheArctic8.doesn’tgetdarkinthesummersotheowlshuntinthebright