传输带毕业设计硬件部分

河北工程大学毕业设计论文说明书1摘要随着传感器技术、电子技术和微机技术的崛起，动态称重技术得到了迅速发展。动态称重系统在数字化，智能化等方面有长足的进步，称重系统的研究与开发也进入了一个崭新的阶段。传输带动态称重系统是对传输带上的散状固体物料或粉料进行连续称量的系统，在电力、化工、煤炭、粮食等行业都有较广泛的应用，市场需求巨大。但是，我国自行研制的相关产品普遍功能单一，精度不高。所以改善现有称重装置、开发研究功能齐全的动态称重系统是势在必行的。设计了一套基于单片机的传输带动态称重系统，很好的解决了上述问题。首先对传输带动态称重系统的整体结构、系统模型及其工作原理进行详细分析，接着针对应用广泛的单托辊式秤架的动态计量误差进行了分析，对传统误差分析方法做了改进，从数学角度确认了皮带张力的影响，并且采用数学建模分析的方法对误差进行校正，较好的解决了动态计量精度低的问题。具体提出了系统硬件和软件的设计方法，给出了数据处理算法和其编程的设计。系统使用24位精度模/数转换芯片AD7730转换称重传感器信号，保证了数据转换的高精度。经过实验证明，该系统能够有效提高动态称重系统的计量精度，误差在0.2%以内。并且系统功能完善，实现了计量数据的实时监控显示和保存打印，系统扩展了现场总线接口，很好的满足了工业自动化和管理现代化的需求。关键词动态称重传输带AD7730现场总线；河北工程大学毕业设计论文说明书2AbstractWiththedevelopmentoftechnologyofsensor,electronicandcomputer,thedynamicweighingtechnologyisdevelopingrapidly.Weighingsystemmadesignificantprogressinthedigitalandintelligent,theresearchofWeighingsystemhasenteredanewphase.Belteddynamicweightequipmentisdesignedforcontinuousweighingthebulksolidsorpowdersonconveyorbelt.Anditiswidelyusedinthefieldsofelectricity,chemical,coalandfood.However,ourrelatedproductsgenerallywithsinglefunctionandlowprecision.Therefore,theimprovementofexistingweighingdevices,researchanddevelopmentfunctionaldynamicweighingsystemisimperative.ThispaperpresentsabelteddynamicweighingsystembasedonSCM,whichisagoodsolutiontothisproblem.Inthispaper,theoverallstructureoftheweighingsystemispresentfirst,anddetailedanalysisofthesystemmodelandworkingprinciple.Itanalyzesthecauseofdynamicmeasurementerrors,andbuildsamathematicalmodelfordynamicmeasurementerrorsofsingle-idlerelectronicbeltconveyorscale.Accordingtothemodel,theproposedapproachusealgorithmtocorrecterrors.Solvedtheproblemoflowdynamicmeasurementaccuracy.Thenthedesignofsystemhardwareandsoftwareispresent.Anddataprocessingalgorithmsandtheirprogrammingdesign.Systemuses24-bitprecisionA/DconverterAD7730converttheweighingsignaltoensurehigh-precisionmeasurementresults.Theresulthasshownthemeasurementerrorsareeffectivelyreduced,andthemeasurementaccuracycanupto0.2%.Thesystempresentedinthispaperischaracterizedbyhighprecision,goodstabilityandachievedthefunctionsofrealtimemonitoringanddatapreservation.AndwiththeProfibusinterface,thissystemwaswellpositionedtomeettherequirementsofindustrialautomationandmanagementmodernization.Keywords：DynamicweighingTransmissionbeltAD7730Profibus河北工程大学毕业设计论文说明书3目录摘要ABSTRACT1绪论...................................................................11.1背景及意义.......................................................11.1.1背景..............................................................11.1.2意义..........................................................11.2国内外研究发展现状........................................................21.2.1国内外称重技术发展现状................................................21.2.2国内外称重技术发展趋势................................................31.3主要工作..............................................52系统整体设计.............................................................72.1系统结构概述..............................................................72.2动态称重计量原理..........................................................72.3本章小结..................................................................93系统传感器介绍与分析............................................................103.1称重传感器介绍与分析.............................................................103.1.1称重传感器的分类.............................................................103.1.2称重传感器的选择......................................................113.2测速传感器介绍与分析.............................................................113.2.1测速传感器分类....................................................113.2.2测速传感器选择....................................................123.3本章小结...........................................................134系统硬件设计............................................................144.1系统硬件概述.............................................................144.2系统微处理器.............................................................144.3系统模数转换器...........................................................144.3.1AD7730的工作原理....................................................154.3.2AD7730内部结构......................................................154.3.3AD7730与单片机的接口设计............................................174.4数据采集电路通信接口设计.................................................184.4.1串口通信............................................................184.4.2RS-232C标准.........................................................194.4.3MAX232芯片简介......................................................194.4.4串口通信接口电路设计.................................................194.5程序下载线连接...........................................................204.6传感器接口设计...........................................................214.7PROFIBUS-DP接口扩展.......................................................224.7.1Profibus现场总线概述................................................224.7.2Profibus现场总线传输方式............................................234.7.3Profibus-DP扩展接口选择.............................................234.8本章小结...............................................................