搜索
Unit9IlikemusicthatIcandanceto.语法：定语从句定语从句在英语阅读材料里处处可见。它是初中阶段的重要语法内容，也是学好英语的难点。我们先来了解一下定语：一本有趣的书aninterestingbook形容词interesting做定语修饰名词book一位漂亮的女孩abeautifulgirl形容词beautiful做定语修饰名词girl定语就是在句子中修饰名词或代词的词。我们还可以说成：abookthatisinterestingthatisinteresting这个句子做定语修饰名词bookagirlwhoisbeautifulwhoisbeautiful这个句子做定语修饰名词girlinteresting和thatisinteresting作用是相同的,都是用作定语来修饰名词book,我们把这种在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。【疑点之一】下面句子中划线的部分作何句子成分？Sheprefersfriendswhoareoutgoing.【答疑解难】划线部分是定语从句，作定语。首先了解定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。学好定语从句，还应了解定语从句的相关术语：先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。如上句中的friends。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,关系副词有where,when,why等。如上句中的who就是关系代词。在本单元，我们重点学习由关系代词引导的定语从句。图表分析：Ilikemusicthat/whichIcandanceto.先行词|关系代词|定语从句【疑点之二】如何选用关系代词呢？关系代词在定语从句中又作何成分呢？【答疑解难】看了表格，你就明白了。关系代词在从句中的作用指人或物that作主语或宾语指人或物which作主语或宾语指物（可与that互换）who作主语（在口语或非正式文体中也常用作宾语）指人（可与that互换）whom是who的宾格，作宾语指人whose是who的所有格，作后面名词的定语指人或物当先行词指人时用who，whom在从句中作宾语；当先行词指物时用which；that既指人又指物。这些关系代词在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作主语时关系代词不可省略，作宾语时可以省略。例如：①Ilikemusic（先行词）that/which（关系代词）Icandanceto.②Ilovesingers（先行词）who/that（关系代词）writetheirownsongs.③Thegirl（先行词）whom（关系代词）youmetdaysagomovedtoanothercity.在①句中，关系代词that/which在从句中作宾语，可以省略。在②句中，关系代词who/that在从句中作主语，不可以省略。在③句中，关系代词whom在从句中作宾语，可以省略。（注意：在口语中常用who代替whom）【疑点之三】定语从句中谓语动词的单复数如何确定？【答疑解难】关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上须和先行词保持一致。如：①Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookstore.②Theoldwomanwhoiswearingapairofglassesismygrandma.【疑点之四】Thecity（that/which）shelivesinisveryfaraway.＝Thecityinwhichshelivesisveryfaraway.定语从句中介词的位置是怎样的？【答疑解难】关系代词做介词的宾语时，介词不能放在that,who的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。但可以放在which,whom的前面。再如：ThemanyoujusttalkedtoisMrZhang.＝ThemantowhomyoujusttalkedisMrZhang.【典型例题】I.根据句意，用关系代词that,who,whom,whose或which填空。1.Thosehavefinishedtheworkcanleave.2.Thebookheboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.3.ThedoctorIspoketotoldmenottoworry.4.Thehousesarebuiltinthisdistrictareratherexpensive.5.Thechildmotherhaslefthimiscryingloudly.II.选择正确答案。1.Myparentsusuallybuymesomesimpleclothescanlastalongtime.A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose2.DoyouknowthemanissittingbehindNancy?A.whatB.whichC.whoD.whom3.I’mlookingatthephotographyousentmewithyourletter.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.it4.Yourparentsarethepersonsyoushouldwrite.A.thatB.whomC.whoD.towhom5.Theyoungladywemetyesterdayisournewmathteacher.A.whatB.whoseC.whomD.which答案：I.1.who2.（that/which）3.（whom/who/that）4.that/which5.whoseII.1~5BCCDC