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森林forest2006年6月13日16:45出处：FanE『翻译中国』词汇由：tradoser提供森林forest原始林virginforest次生林secondaryforest天然林naturalforest人工林forestplantation,man-madeforest速生丰产林fast-growingandhigh-yieldplantation乔林highforest中林compositeforest矮林coppiceforest针叶林coniferousforest阔叶林broadleavedforest落叶阔叶林deciduousbroadleavedforest常绿阔叶林evergreenbroadleavedforest热带雨林tropicalrainforest红树林mangroveforest林种forestcategory用材林timberforest防护林protectionforest经济林non-timberproductforest培育木材以外的其它林产品为主的森林。薪炭林firewoodforest,fuelwoodforest能源林energyforest特种用途林forestforspecialuse风景林amenityforest纯林pureforest混交林mixedforest同龄林evenagedforest异龄林unevenagedforest单层林分uniformstand复层林分multi-storiedstand林学forestscience,forestry树木学dendrology树木生理学treephysiology森林气象学forestmeteorology森林土壤学forestsoilscience森林生物学forestbiology森林生态学forestecology林业经济学foresteconomics森林遗传学forestgenetics林木育种学foresttreeimprovement,foresttreebreeding森林培育学silviculture又称“造林学”。森林病理学forestpathology森林昆虫学forestentomology森林测计学forestmensuration又称“测树学”。森林经理学forestmanagement林业史forestryhistory水土保持学soilandwaterconservation园林学landscapearchitecture木材学woodscience,woodtechnology森林利用学forestutilization林业工程学forestengineering木材加工学woodprocessing林产化学加工学chemicalprocessingofforestproducts林业forestry森林资源forestresources森林覆盖率forestcoverage,percentageofforestcover森林效益foresteffect乡村林业ruralforestry城市林业urbanforestry粗放林业extensiveforestry集约林业intensiveforestry森林工业forestindustry森林经营forestmanagement林业政策forestpolicy林业经济foresteconomy林业法规forestryregulation森林生态系统forestecosystem生物地理群落biogeocoenosis农林复合生态系统integralagroforestryecosystem森林物质循环mineralcyclinginforest,materialcyclinginforest森林能量平衡energyequilibriuminforest林分stand林分组成standcomposition林龄standage林分起源originofstand林相forestform林分密度standdensity郁闭度crowndensity森林环境forestenvironment立地site立地类型sitetype喜光树种intoleranttreespecies曾用名“阳性树种”。耐荫树种shade-toleranttreespecies喜温树种thermophiloustreespecies耐寒树种winterhardytreespecies旱生树种xerophiloustreespecies湿生树种hygrophiloustreespecies中生树种mesophiloustreespecies森林气候forestclimate冻拔frostheaving冻裂frostcleft,frostcracking林冠层forestcanopy森林水文foresthydrology树冠截留crowninterception干流stemflow冠淋crownwash透冠雨throughfall淋失leaching森林土壤forestsoil枯枝落叶层litter死地被物forestfloor又称“林褥”。森林腐殖质foresthumus粗腐殖质rawhumus,mor细腐殖质mildhumus,mull改良土壤树种soilimprovingtreespecies化感作用allelopathy又称“异种克生”。互惠共生mutualisticsymbiosis森林群落forestcommunity林型foresttype林分结构standstructure复层混交林stratifiedmixedstand主林层mainstorey次林层substorey乔木层treestratum下木层undergrowth活地被物层groundvegetation优势树种dominanttreespecies亚优势树种subdominanttreespecies伴生树种associatedtreespecies乡土树种indigenoustreespecies,nativetreespecies先锋树种pioneer[treespecies]地带性顶极zonalclimax,primaryclimax非地带性顶极azonalclimax森林线forestline,forestlimit又称“森林界限”。树木线timberline又称“树木界限”。林木改良foresttreeimprovement林木选择selectionoftree精选树elitetree正号树plustree优树superiortree优良林分superiorstand,superiorplantation林木引种introductionofexoticspecies树木育种treebreeding母树林seedproductionstand种子园seedorchard无性系种子园clonalseedorchard实生苗种子园seedlingseedorchard去劣种子园roguedseedorchard[种子]原产地provenance,seedsource又称“种源”。产地试验provenancetrial又称“种源试验”。局部分布区产地试验limitedrangeprovenancetrial全分布区产地试验widerangeprovenancetrial子代测定progenytest无性系测定clonaltest优树采集区clonalarchive采穗圃cuttingorchard种子区seedzone育种区breedingzone造林forestation人工更新artificialreforestation[无林地]造林afforestation四旁植树four-sidetreeplanting指路旁、水旁、村旁、宅旁的植树。林木种子foresttreeseed母树seedtree采种seedcollection种实调制seedprocessing种子贮藏seedstorage种子[层积]催芽seedstratification种子检验seedtesting,seedqualityexamination种子证明书seedcertification森林苗圃forestnursery固定苗圃permanentnursery临时苗圃temporarynursery苗木nurserystock,plantingstock播种苗treeseedling又称“实生苗”。野生苗wild[l]ing苗床seedbed床作beddingculture垅作ridgeculture撒播broadcastsowing条播stripsowing,drillsowing带播beltsowing点播spotsowing覆盖mulching上方遮荫overheadshading侧方遮荫sideshading营养繁殖苗plantingstock[byvegetativepropagation]移植苗transplant裸根苗barerootseedling容器苗containerseedling苗木出圃outplanting起苗lifting[ofseedlings]假植heelin苗木贮藏seedlingstorage苗木分级seedlingsorting苗木包装seedlingpacking造林地plantingsite,plantedland宜林地suitablelandforforest造林区划silviculturalregionalization立地评价siteevaluation立地分类siteclassification造林调查设计plantationsurveyandproject树种选择choiceoftreespecies适地适树matchingspecieswiththesite造林密度plantingdensity种植点配置spacingofplantingspots,spacingofseedingspots行状配置stripspacing群状配置groupspacing人工混交林mixtureplantation混交类型typeofmixture混交方法patternofmixture造林地整地sitepreparation,soilpreparation造林地清理sitepreparation整地方法methodofsoilpreparation全面整地overallsoilpreparation局部整地partialsoilpreparation带状整地stripsoilpreparation块状整地spotsoilpreparation造林方法methodofforestation播种造林seeding,directseeding又称“直播造林”。飞机播种airseeding,aerialseeding简称“飞播”。植苗造林treeplanting分殖造林planting[byvegetativepropagation]插条造林plantingbycuttings埋条造林plantingbylayerings又称“埋干造林”。分根造林plantingbyrootcuttings分蘖造林plantingbytillers穴植法holeplanting缝植法slitplanting,plantinginnotches楔形栽植wedgeplanting丛植bunchplanting带土栽植ballplanting植树锹plantingbar造林季节plantingseason幼林抚育tending[afteryoungplantation]幼林检查checking[ofyoungplantation]造林成活率survivalrate造林保存率survivalrate[ofplantation]补植reinforcementplanting抚育采伐intermediatecutting透光伐cleaning,releasecutting疏伐thin