高考英语阅读技巧---事实细节

主讲：安居育才中学赵刚高考英语阅读理解解题技巧————事实细节细节推理题一般针对某个特定细节而提出，难度较小，属浅层理解，通读短文后一般能直接找出答题依据。解题方法：1通读全文，领悟大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，特别注意以下几个方面：五个W(Who,where,when,which)和一个H(how)以及其他特殊之处；数字、日期、时间等；同位语、破折号、括号、省略号等；表示附加说明的词，如：bytheway,besides,what’smore,inadditionto,includingto,aswellas等。倒装句及加强语气的词，如aboveall,mainly,mostly,certainly,indeed等。2选用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是要选择的最佳答案。Thecoldisthemostcommonofman’sailments.Yetitstumpedthemedicalauthorities.Manyofmoreterriblediseaseshavecomeunderthecontrolofmodernmanastheresultoftheknowledgegainedinthelabofscienceresearch.Investigatorshavethoughtthatthecoldisusuallycausedbyavirus.However,nomethodofstudyingthisvirushasbeendevised.Thechimpanzeeistheonlyanimaltowhichthediseasecanbegivenexperimentally.Theuseofthisanimalislimitedbyitscostandbythefactthatsomanyoftheanimalsdieofpneumoniaduringtheexperiments.Thisleavesforallpracticalpurposesonlyhumanvolunteerstobeusedinresearchprojects.Manyinmetesofprisonshavehelpedinthiswork,butbecauseoftheselimitations,researchintothecauseandcureofcoldhasprogressedveryslowly.Researchintothecauseandcureofcoldshas_________.A.goneaheadveryslowlyB.goneaheadveryquicklyC.beenverycommonD.beenimpossible√二、事实细节型解题要领难度该题型难度系数值最低并占阅读题（除任务型阅读）总数的50%左右。分析文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。要领忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。二、事实细节型常见提问形式1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE(NotTrue)accordingtotheinformationinthepassage?2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?3.Theauthormentionsallthefollowingexcept______.4.Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat____.5.以when,where,who,what,how,why,howmany/much等词引导的疑问句。1.Whatdoesthewriterpayleastattentionto?2.Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.3.Allofthefollowingstatementsmaybetrueexcept___.4.Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultof……事实细节型实战演练(08浙江E)……Oneday,ItoldmymotherI’dchangedmymind.Ididn'twanttomakeasuccessinthemagazinebusiness.“Ifyouthinkyoucanchangeyourmindlikethis,”shereplied,“youwillbecomeagood-for-nothing.”Sheinsistedthat,assoonasschoolwasover,Ishouldstartringingdoorbells,sellingmagazines.WheneverIsaidno,shewouldscoldme.……事实细节型实战演练Question:Whatdidthemotherdowhentheboywantedtogiveup?A.Sheforcedhimtocontinue.B.Shepunishedhim.C.Shegavehimsomemoney.D.Shechangedherplan.Sheinsistedthat,assoonasschoolwasover,Ishouldstartringingdoorbells,sellingmagazines.WheneverIsaidno,shewouldscoldme.事实细节型心得体会此题型最普遍的特征是题干中的某些词语和表达方式与原文的词语和表达方式相吻合，因此一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。事实细节题--Details即常见的“wh”问题。它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则要在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。AgiantdamwasbuiltmanyyearsagotocontroltheColoradoRiverintheU.S.Thisdamwasbuilttoprotectthelandandhousesaroundtheriver.ThishugedamisintheBlackCanyon.Itispossibletodriveacarfromonesideoftherivertotheotheronaroad，whichisonthetopofthedam.Thisdamissobigthatthereisanelevatorinside.Theelevatorgoesdownforty-fourstoriesfromtheroadtothebottom.ThereisenoughconcreteinthisdamtobuildahighwayfromNewYorktoSanFrancisco.Thousandsofpeopleworkedonthisdamforfiveyears.高考题重现ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936.LateritwasrenamedHooverDaminhonorofapresidentoftheUnitedStates.HooverDam，oneofthehighestdamsintheworld，issituatedbetweenthestatesofArizonaandNevada.Q：WheredoesHooverDamlie_____A.betweenArizonaandNevadaB.intheBlackCanyonC.betweenNewYorkandSanFranciscoD.bothAandB方法指导1).明确题意，顺藤摸瓜。2).按照要求，寻找答案来源。3).找准关键词，明白其暗示作用。4).多读原文，正确使用排除法。InvitedbyMr.YeHuixian,hostofthewellreceivedTVprogramme“StarsTonight”，MissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991，appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlastSunday.BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.Practice:“It’sreallyahardjobforme.Iwon’tenterforsuchcompetitionanymore.Anyhow,Iamquitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkforthesocialwelfaresinceIwonthetitle.Thistime,inShanghai,I'dlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience,saidLuoLinwithasweetsmile.Q：WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.