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Languageinusewordformation:compoundnouns1Formcompoundnounstoindicate:1awriterofsongs(songwriter)2adirectoroffilms(filmdirector)3ascarfyouweararoundyourhead(headscarf)4apackyoucarryonyourback(backpack)5astickyouusetomakeyourlipsred(lipstick)6alaceyouusetotieupyourshoe(shoelace)7polishthatyouputonyournails(nailpolish)mighthavebeen/done2Rewritethesentencesusingmighthavebeen/done.1It’spossiblethattheartistandthemodelbecamelovers.Theartistandthemodelmighthavebeenlovers.2It’spossiblethatCatharinawasneverjealousofthemodel.Catharinamightneverhavebeenjealousofthemodel.3It’spossiblethatthemodelbecameVermeer’sassistant.ThemodelmighthavebecomeVermeer’sassistant.4It’spossiblethatVermeerpaintedothermasterpieceswhichhavesincebeenlost.Vermeermighthavepaintedothermasterpieceswhichhavesincebeenlost.5It’spossiblethatVermeerdiedinpoverty.Vermeermighthavediedinpoverty.maybeduetothefactthat…3Completethesentenceswithyourownideasusingmaybeduetothefactthat…1Theyoungpianist’smusicalgeniusmaybeduetothefactthathismotherplayedthepianoalotwhileshewaspregnant,sohehasalwaysheardmusicfromdayone.2Thelatearrivalofthetrainmaybeduetothefactthattherewereseverestormslastnight.3ThemisunderstandingmaybeduetothefactthatshespeaksverylittleChineseandIdon’tspeakmuchSpanish.4Thebook’senormouspopularitymaybeduetothefactthatithasbeenaggressivelymarketedonTVanditwasdiscussedinseveralprimetimeTVshows.5Hisdislikeofmusicmaybeduetothefactthathewasexposedtoloudrockmusicformanyhoursadaywhenhewasquitesmall.insistthat…4Rewritethesentencesusinginsistthat…1ImetanoldfriendwhorefusedtoletmegobeforeIhadadrinkwithhim.Imetanoldfriend,whoinsistedthatIhaveadrinkwithhimbeforeheletmego.2ThecustomspeoplerefusedtoletmethroughunlessIsignedadocumenttheygaveme.ThecustomspeopleinsistedthatIsignadocumenttheygavemebeforetheyletmethrough.3Werefusedtolethimstarttheconcertbeforehavinganhour’srest.Weinsistedthathehaveanhour’srestbeforehestartedtheconcert.4Theyrefusedtopublishthebookuntilhechangedsomeofthethingshehadwritten.Theyinsistedthathechangesomeofthethingshe’dwrittenbeforetheypublishedthebook.5SherefusedtoletmeseethepaintinguntilIapologizedforwhatIhaddone.SheinsistedthatIapologizeforwhatIhaddonebeforesheletmeseethepainting.collocations5Readtheexplanationsofthewords.Answerthequestions.1appealThiswordmeansthequalitythatsomethinghasthatmakespeoplelikeitorwantit.(a)Ifaradiostationwantstowidenitsappeal,whatdoesitneedtodo?Itneedstoappealtoawideraudiencebyhavingmorepopularprogrammes.(b)Aregamesandsportsthathaveapopularappeallikedbymanypeopleorafewpeople?Theyarelikedbymanypeople.(c)Whenanorganizationmakesanappealformoney,whatdoesitdo?Itaskspeopletogivemoney,probablyforacharity.(d)Howwouldthepolicelaunchanappealtothepublicforinformation?TheywouldhaveaspecialeventlikeaTVbroadcastinwhichtheyaskthepublictocomeforwardwithanyrelevantinformation.2qualifiedThiswordcanmeanthoroughlytrainedforaparticularjob.(a)Ifyouareahighlyqualifieddoctor,whatdoyouhave?Youhavelotsofmedicalqualifications.(b)Ifajobadvertisementasksforfullyqualifiedengineers,whatdoesitexpect?Itexpectspeoplewithdegreesinengineeringandworkexperiencestoapply.(c)Ifsomeoneiswellqualifiedtogiveanopinion,whoarethey?Theyareexpertonthetopicforwhichtheyareaskedtogiveanopinion.3engageThiswordcanmeantostarttoemploysomeoneorusetheirservices.(a)Ifyougetengagedtosomeone,whatareyouplanningtodo?Youareplanningtogetmarriedwiththeperson.(b)Ifgovernmentforceshaveengagedwithrebels,whatishappening?Thegovernmentforcesarefightingtherebels.(c)Ifyouengagesomeoneinconversation,whatdoyoudo?Youtalktothemandtrytointeresttheminaconversation.4convertThiswordcanmeantochangefromonesystem,use,ormethodtoanother.(a)Wherecanyouconvertpoundsintodollars?Youcanexchangethemoneyinbanks,attheairport,accordingtothecurrentexchangerate.Youshouldbesuretochecktheexchangeratebecauseitcanchangefromdaytoday.(b)Whatusefulpieceoffurnituredosomesofasconvertinto?Theyconvertintobedssothatpeoplecanusethemforovernightguests.(c)Whatwouldafarmerhavetodotoconverttoorganicfoodproductionmethods?Theywouldhavetostopusingartificialmethodsoffoodproductionandstarttousemorenaturalones.5grindWhenyougrindsomething,youbreakitintosmallpiecesorpowder,byusingamachineorbycrushingitbetweentwohardsurfaces.(a)Whathappenstocoffee,spicesorpepperwhenyougrindit?Thebeansorseedsbecomepowder.(b)Didyouknowthat20percentofpeoplegrindtheirteethatnight?No,thenumberoftheproportionsoundshorrible.(c)Ifthetrafficgrindstoahalt,doesitstopsuddenlyorslowly?Itstopsslowlyandwillprobablybecomeatrafficjamunlessitgetsmovingagainquickly.6TranslatetheparagraphsintoChinese.1Listen,ifyoucan,tothe48fuguethemesofBach’sWell-TemperedClavichord.Listentoeachtheme,oneafteranother.Youwillsoonrealizethateachthememirrorsadifferentworldoffeeling.Youwillalsosoonrealizethatthemorebeautifulathemeseemstoyoutheharderitistofindanywordthatwilldescribeittoyourcompletesatisfaction.Yes,youwillcertainlyknowwhetheritisagaythemeorasadone.Youwillbeable,inotherwords,inyourownmind,todrawaframeofemotionalfeelingaroundyourtheme.Nowstudythesadonealittlecloser.Trytopind