2-Continents世界大陆-大洲

ContinentsoftheEarthHowmanycontinentsarethereintheworld?Asia,Africa,NorthAmerica,SouthAmerica,Antarctica,Europe,andAustralia(Oceania)OutlineDefinitionoftheContinentWaysofdistinguishingcontinentsintheworldBriefintroductiontoeachcontinentDefinitionoftheContinentContinent大陆；陆地；大洲Continentwasderivedfromthetermcontinentland,meaningcontinuousorconnectedlandandtranslatedfromtheLatinterracontinens.Itwasusedtomeanaconnectedorcontinuoustractoflandormainland.DefinitionoftheContinentDefinition1:Themostrestrictedmeaningofcontinentisthatofacontinuousareaoflandormainland,withthecoastlineandanylandboundariesformingtheedgeofthecontinent.InthissensethetermcontinentalEurope(sometimesreferredtoinBritainas“theContinent”)isusedtorefertomainlandEurope,excludingislandssuchasGreatBritain,Ireland,Malta(马耳他)andIceland.DefinitionoftheContinentThetermcontinentofAustraliamayrefertothemainlandofAustralia,excludingTasmania(塔斯马尼亚)andNewGuinea(新几内亚).ThecontinentalUnitedStatesreferstothe48contiguous(邻近的)statesandtheDistrictofColumbiaincentralNorthAmericaandmayincludeAlaskainthenorthwestofthecontinent(thetwobeingseparatedbyCanada),whileexcludingHawaii,PuertoRico(波多黎各),andGuam(关岛)intheoceans.DefinitionoftheContinentDefinition2:Fromtheperspectiveofgeology(地质学)orphysicalgeography(自然地理学),continentmaybeextendedbeyondtheconfinesofcontinuousdrylandtoincludetheshallow,submergedadjacentarea(thecontinentalshelf)andtheislandsontheshelf(continentalislands大陆性岛屿；路边岛),astheyarestructurallypartofthecontinent.Eg.HainanandTaiwanaretwomostimportantcontinentalislandsofsouthChinaandeastChina.DefinitionoftheContinentFromthisperspective,theedgeofthecontinentalshelfisthetrueedgeofthecontinent.InthissensetheislandsofGreatBritainandIrelandarepartofEurope,whileAustraliaandtheislandofNewGuineatogetherformacontinent.DefinitionoftheContinentTheseislandcountriesareoftengroupedgeographicallywithaneighboringcontinentallandmass.DefinitionoftheContinentDefinition3:Acontinentisoneofseveralverylargelandmassesoftheworld.Generallyidentifiedbyconventionratherthananystrictcriteria,uptosevenregionsarecommonlyregardedascontinents.Orderedfromlargestinsizetosmallest,theyare:Asia,Africa,Antarctica,NorthAmerica,SouthAmerica,Europe,andAustralia.Byconvention,continentsareunderstoodtobelarge,continuous,discretemassesofland,ideallyseparatedbyexpansesofwater.”However,itisjustanidealcriterion.DefinitionoftheContinentOfthesevenmostgloballyrecognizedcontinents,onlyAntarcticaandAustraliaarecompletelyseparatedfromothercontinentsbytheocean.Severalcontinentsaredefinednotasabsolutelydistinctbodiesbutasmoreorlessdiscretemassesofland.Forexample,DefinitionoftheContinentAsiaandAfricaarejoinedbytheIsthmusofSuez(苏伊士地峡),andNorthandSouthAmericabytheIsthmusofPanama(巴拿马地峡).Inbothcases,thereisnocompleteseparationoftheselandmassesbywater(disregardingtheSuezCanalandPanamaCanal,whicharebothnarrowandshallow,aswellasbeingartificial).Boththeseisthmusesareverynarrowcomparedtothebulkofthelandmassestheyunite.WaysofdistinguishingcontinentsintheworldThiscolor-codedmapshowingthevariouscontinents.Similarshadesexhibitareasthatmaybeconsolidatedorsubdivided.Waysofdistinguishingcontinentsintheworld1.Theseven-continentmodelWaysofdistinguishingcontinentsintheworld1.Theseven-continentmodelusuallyusedinChina,India,Pakistan,thePhilippines,partsofWesternEuropeandmostEnglish-speakingcountries,includingAustraliaandtheUnitedKingdomWaysofdistinguishingcontinentsintheworld2.Thesix-continentcombined-EurasiamodelWaysofdistinguishingcontinentsintheworld2.Thesix-continentcombined-EurasiamodelmostlyusedinRussia,EasternEurope,andJapanWaysofdistinguishingcontinentsintheworld3.Thesix-continentcombined-AmericamodelWaysofdistinguishingcontinentsintheworld3.Thesix-continentcombined-AmericamodelasinglecontinentknownasAmericaortheAmericasThisviewpointwascommonintheUnitedStatesuntilWorldWarII,andremainsprevalentinsomeAsiansix-continentmodels.ThisremainsthemorecommonvisioninLatinAmericancountries,Spain,Portugal,France,ItalyandGreece,wheretheyaretaughtasasinglecontinent.Waysofdistinguishingcontinentsintheworld4.Afive-continentmodelWaysofdistinguishingcontinentsintheworld4.Afive-continentmodelexcludingAntarcticaasuninhabited.Thisisused,forexampleintheUnitedNationsandintheOlympicCharter(奥林匹克宪章)Waysofdistinguishingcontinentsintheworld5.Afour-continentmodelIfcontinentsaredefinedstrictlyasdiscretelandmasses,embracingallthecontiguouslandofabody,thenAfrica,Asia,andEuropeformasinglecontinentwhichmaybereferredtoasAfro-Eurasia.Thisproducesafour-continentmodelconsistingofAfro-Eurasia,America,AntarcticaandAustralia.Waysofdistinguishingcontinentsintheworld5.Afour-continentmodelBriefintroductiontoeachcontinent中国上海尼日利亚拉各斯美国麦克默多站澳大利亚悉尼俄罗斯莫斯科墨西哥墨西哥城巴西圣保罗州17,800,00024,228,000BriefintroductiontoeachcontinentBriefintroductiontoeachcontinentAfricaisthesecondlargestcontinentintheworld.Itisalsothesecondlargestcontinentintheworldintermsofpopulation.Itiscommonlyreferredtoastheblackcontinentbymany.Thislargelandmasscomprisesof54countriesa