大学英语语法2——宾语补语

CollegeEnglishGrammar:GrammarandWritingUnit2Basicpartsofasentence(II)•Grammar:1.Objectandcomplement2．Basicsentencestructures•Writing:Correcting:Run-onSentenceRewriting:TheimportanceofthesubjectObjectandcomplementGenerally,verbscanbeputintotwo:linkingverbsandactionverbs.Bothofthemrequireawordtocompletetheirmeaning.Wecancallsuchawordcomplement.Thecomplementofalinkingverbiscalledapredicativeorasubjectcomplement,whichdescribesorrenamesthesubject.Forexample:•MyfavoriteplaywrightisWilliamShakespeare.•MarkTwainbecameapilotonasteamboat.•Shefeltuneasyinthecrowd.Thecomplementofanactionverbiscalledanobject.Subjectisthedoeroftheaction,andtheobjectisthereceiveroftheaction.•Theoldmancaughtabigfish.•Herhusbandfrequentlybeather.•Myuncleeventuallygaveupsmoking.Sometimesactionverbshavetwodifferentobjects:directobjectandindirectobject.Directobjectisthereceiveroftheactionwhileanindirectobjectisthereceiverofthedirectobject.Forinstance：•Harryboughthissonanewschool-bag.Usually,apreposition“to”or“for”canbeputinfrontoftheindirectobject.Forexample,•1.Theoldmanlefthisdaughteralargehouse.(Theoldmanleftalargehouseforhisdaughter.)•2.Jimpresentedhisgirlfriendabunchofflowers.(Jimpresentedabunchofflowerstohisgirlfriend.)Adverbialsindicatestime,place,manner,andreasons.Theyanswerquestionssuchaswhen,where,howandwhy.Adverbialscanbeadverbs,prepositionalphrases,oradverbialclauses.Asarule,alongadverbialareplacedattheendofasentence,whileshortadverbialsareflexibletolocate:atthebeginning,inthemiddleorattheendmaybeallright.Forinstance1.Thetrainwillarrivenextmorning.2.Hecarefullydrovehiscartothestation.3.Verysoon,sheknewthefullstory.Exercises1:Combinethesentencesineachsetintoasingleclearsentence.Omitwordsthatareneedlesslyrepeated,butdon'tleaveoutanyimportantdetails.Keepinmindthatmanycombinationsarepossible,andthere'snosinglecorrectone.1.Themanhandedaphotoofagirl.Thephotowastome.Hedidthatsilently.Themanwasold.Thegirlwaspretty.Theoldmansilentlyhandedaphotoofaprettygirltome.2.Itwasthefirsttimeinhislife.Hebecameaboss.Hewasproud.Heownedabook-store.Heproudlybecameabossofabook-storeforthefirsttimeinhislife.3.Wehavemovedintoahouse.WedidthatrecentlyThehousewasnew.Ithadsingle-storied.Wehavemovedintoanewsingle-storiedhouserecently.4.Itoccurredashortwhileago.Mybrotherhelpedme.Wecarriedabookcaseupthestairs.Thebookcasewasveryheavy.Ashortwhileago,mybrotherhelpedmecarryaveryheavybookcaseupthestairs.5.Thefiremenhaveputoutaforestfire.Thefiremendidthatatlast.Thefirewasbig.ThefirebrokeoutinCalifornia.AtlastthefiremenhaveputoutabigforestfireinCalifornia.BasicsentencestructuresStructure1:S-P•TheS-Psentencestructureismadeupofanoun,pronoun,orothernominalasthesubjectofthesentenceandanintransitiveverborverbphraseasthepredicate.•Deaddogdon’tbite.•Moneytalks.Structure2:S-IV-C•Thewordsactingasapredicativemaybeaprepositionalphrasetoshowtheplaceofthesubject,oranountoidentifyorrenamethesubject,oranadjectivetoindicatethestateofthesubject.•Speechisthepictureofmind.•Thefiremenareinsidethebuilding.Structure3:S-P-OTheverbactingasapredicateintheS-P-Osentencestructureisatransitiveverb,whichmaytakeadirectobjectorbothadirectobjectandanindirectobject.•Povertytriesfriends.•TheLiberianhandedmeaSpanishdictionary.Structure4:S-P-O-AThewordsactingasanadverbialcanbeadverbs,prepositionalphrases,oradverbialclauses,providinginformationabouttime,place,manner,andreasons.•Younevermissthewatertillthewellrunsdry.•Nomancanmakeagoodcoatwithbadcloth.Structure5:S-P-O-OCDifferentfromanindirectobjectwhichisthereceiverofthedirectobject,anobjectcomplementistocompletethemeaningofthedirectobject.Thewordsactingasanobjectcomplementcanbenouns,adjectivesorprepositionalphrases.•Thevillagersfoundtheirbedroomsankle-deepinwater.•Thefriendlymoodmakesuscomfortable.Exercises2:Combinethesentences1.IfeltpleasedwithmybargainMypleasurewasespecial.Mybargainwaswonderful.Ifeltespeciallypleasedwithmywonderfulbargain.2.Peoplefindthissortofjoke.Thesepeopleareforeign.Thissortofjokearedistasteful.Foreignpeoplefindthissortofjokedistasteful.3.Advertisingexertsaninfluence.Theinfluenceissubtle.Theinfluenceisonchildren.Advertisingexertsasubtleinfluenceonchildren.4.Iwasbeingtested.Thetestwasforadrivinglicense.Itwasthethirdtime.Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenceforthethirdtime.5.Amurdercrossedtheroad.Theroadwasinfrontofme.Hedidthatwithasudden.Amurdersuddenlycrossedtheroadinfrontofme.6.Thescientistsetuphiscamp.Hedidthatsuccessfully.Hiscampwasveryclosetothevolcano.Thevolcanowasactive.Thescientistsetuphiscampveryclosetotheactivevolcanosuccessfully.Run-onSentenceArun-onsentenceistwoormorecompletesentenceswrittenasthoughtheywereonesentence.1.CommaspliceThemostcommonkindofrun-onsentenceisperhapsacommasplice,whichoccurswhentwomainclausesareseparatedbyacommaratherthanbyasemicolonoraperiod.Forinstance:Tomisamanager,heisworkingforabigcompany.Foursolutionsareavailable:1)Replacethecommawithaperiodandbeginthenewsentencewithacapitalletter.Tomisamanager.Heisworkingforabigcompany.2)Turnoneofthesentencesintoaphrase.Asamanager,Tomisworkingforabigcompa