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关于工程和工程创新的几个理论问题李伯聪(,100049)[]立足于科学技术工程三元论,简要地论述了认识工程的全要素观点和全过程的观点绝不能简单地把工程看做仅仅是科学技术的单纯应用,工程活动的灵魂是具有唯一性和当时当地的独特个性对比和分析了科学发现活动只承认第一和工程项目具有唯一性的关系和区别,分析了作为一个哲学命题的工程活动具有创新性与作为一个现实评价论要求的工程活动的创新性的关系和区别在国家创新体系中,工程创新是创新活动的主战场[]工程;工程创新;工程项目;工程哲学[]N031[]A[]1000-3541(2008)02-0103-06SomeTheoreticalIssuesofEngineeringandEngineeringInnovationLIBo-cong(GraduateUniversity,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100049,China)Abstract:Abstract:Frompointofviewofallfactorsandallstagesofengineeringactivity,theauthorexplainsnatureandcharacteris-ticsofengineeringprojectsanddrawsacomparisonbetweenthefirstdiscoveryinscientificactivityandtheuniquenessofengineeringactivity.Engineeringdoesnotmeansimpleuseofsciencesandtechnology.Thesoulofengineeringactivityisuniqueandlocalnatureofengineeringprojects.Atlast,theauthoradvocatesathesisthatengineeringinnovationisthemainbattlefieldinallinnovationalactivities.Keywords:engineering;engineeringinnovation;engineeringprojects;philosophyofengineering[]2007-12-012002:,,:(2001),,2002,35,,,,,,,,2070,innovation,,,20,,,:20,,,,[1]:,,1032008年第2期(总第208期)THENORTHERNFORUMNo2,2008TotalNo208,,,,,,project,,engineering,project(),engineeringprojects[2](p.2);,engineeringprojects,,engineeringprojects,,,,,,,,;,,?,?,?,:,,,,,,,?,,,,(),,,,,,,:(praxiology),(engineeringprojects),,,(:,:,),,(unique),,(medicine),(corroboration),,[3](p.273),,,,,,:,,[4](pp.28-42),,,,,,,104,,:,,,,,,,,,?,(initiationoftask)(design),(manufac-ture)(construction)(qualitycontroltesting)(advertising)(sales)(installation)(useoftheproduct)(repair)(monitoringsocialandenvironmentaleffects),(recycling)(disposalofmaterialsandwastes)(finaltasks),[2](pp.16-17),,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[5](pp.29-30),,()(,),,,,,,,,,,,105,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[6],:,,:?,,,,:,,,,,[7](p.146),,,,,,,(),,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,106,,,,,,,,,:/,,,5W,(Whoever)(Wherever)(Whenever)(Whomever)(Whatever),,/,2000318,40:/,,/,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,/,,,,[8],,,;,,,,,,:/,[9](p.18),,,,,,,,20601966,,,,2080,,,,/,1987,:;1988,,[10](pp.377-485)209021,2090,2006,,,,,107),,,,,,:;,,,,,,,:/,,:,[11](p.74),,,,,,;,,,,()[][1].[M].:,2002;.[A]..(1)[C].:,2003.[2]Martin,M.W.andSchinzingerR.EthicsinEngineering[M].NewYork:McGraw-Hill,2005.[3]Broome,Jr.T.H.BridgingGapsinPhilosophyandEngineering[A].Durbin,P.T.CriticalPerspectivesonNonacademicScienceandEngi-neering[C].Bethlehem:LehighUniversityPress,1991.[4].[A]..(2)[C].:,2006.[5].[A]..(2001)[C].:,2002.[6][],.[M]..:,2004;[],.[M].,.:,2004.[7][].[M].,.:,2004.[8].[J].,2006,(2).[9][].[M].,.:,1990.[10][],.[C].,.:,1992.[11]:3[M].:,1972.(作者系中国科学院研究生院教授,博士生导师)[])108)