Reportedby:SevenlauDeconstructionism汇报⼈人:SevenlauContents1.Introduction2.Background3.Representativesandtheirworks3.1FrankGehry3.2PeterEisenman3.3BernardTschumi3.4DanielLibeskind4.Influences2⺫⽬目录1.概述2.产⽣生背景3.代表⼈人物及其作品弗兰克·盖⾥里(FrankOwenGehry)彼得·艾森曼(PeterEisenman)伯纳德·屈⽶米(BernardTschumi)丹尼尔·⾥里伯斯⾦金(DanielLibeskind)4.启⽰示21.Introduction3•DeconstructionisaphilosophyintheearlydayswhichduetoFrancesincethe1960s.BythephilosopherJacquesDerrida,itwasproposedbasedoncritiquetothestructuralistoflinguisticsandbecomeanadvocateofcontemporaryWesternphilosophicalthought.•Ithasbecomeadesignstyleinthe1980s.•Noabsoluteauthorityispersonal,non-centralconstantchange,thereisnopredetermineddesign,advocatedpluralism,advocatedblurred,thisisthespiritofdeconstruction.•Deconstructionisthecriticallytoinheritthemodernistorthodoxyprinciplesandstandards,Usethevocabularyofmodernism,butreversed,reconstructionrelationshipbetweenthevariousexistingvocabulary,negatethetraditionalbasicdesignprinciples(aesthetics,mechanics,function)fromlogic,therebygeneratinganewmeaning.Explodedtheidea,stressingbreaksuperimposedrestructuring,attentiontoindividual,oppositiontheoverallunifiedandtocreateafragmentationanduncertainty.1.概述3•解构主义最早是⼀一种哲学理论,起缘于20世纪60年代的法国,由哲学家雅克·德⾥里达基于对语⾔言学中的结构主义的批判⽽而提出,成为当代⻄西⽅方倡导的⼀一种哲学思想。•20世纪80年代,成为⼀一种设计⻛风格。•⽆无绝对权威,是个⼈人的、⾮非中⼼心的恒变的、没有预定的设计,主张多元,主张模糊,这是解构主义的精神实质。•解构主义是对现代主义正统原则和标准批判地加以继承,运⽤用现代主义的语汇,却颠倒、重构各种既有语汇之间的关系,从逻辑上否定传统的基本设计原则(美学、⼒力学、功能),由此产⽣生新的意义。⽤用分解的观念,强调打碎,叠加,重组,重视个体,部件本⾝身,反对总体统⼀一⽽而创造出⽀支离破碎和不确定感。4•19thcentury,NietzschedeclaredthatGodisdeadandcalledrevaluationofallvalues.Sincethen,hisrebelliousthoughthadaprofoundimpactonWestern.Asanquestionedrational,subvertthetraditionalthoughts,Nietzschebecameoneofthedeconstructionideologicalsources.Theothertwostocksinspireandnourishtheimportantthinkingofthemovementofdeconstruction,itisHeidegger'sphenomenologyandEuropeanleftistcriticaltheory.•In1968,aradicalstudentmovementsweptthroughEuropeandthecapitalistworld.Sadly,thisvigorousrevolutionaryshort-lived,fleeting.Intheensuingyears,theradicalscholardifficulttosuppresstherevolutionaryfervorforcedtoturntoacademicthinkingdeepdismantlingwork.Itmaybesaid,theyknewcapitalismentrenched,itisdifficulttoshake,haschosentogotounderminethebasisofthecollapseofavarietyofpowerfuldevelopeditdepends,fromitslanguage,religion,organization,institution,untiltheacademicnorms.•DeconstructionInthiscontextcameintobeing.Inordertoopposemetaphysics,logocentric,andevenallclosedrigidsystem,vigorouslypromotethebodytodissipatethedeconstructionmovement,meaningDifference.Inotherwords,itemphasizesthefreeplayoflanguageandthought,evenifthisfreedomisonlythesongDanceWithBonds.2.Background4•19世纪末,尼采宣称“上帝死了”,并要求“重估⼀一切价值”。他的叛逆思想从此对⻄西⽅方产⽣生了深远影响。作为⼀一股质疑理性、颠覆传统的思潮,尼采哲学成为解构主义的思想渊源之⼀一。另外两股启迪和滋养了解构主义的重要思想运动,分别是海德格尔的现象学以及欧洲左派批判理论。•1968年,⼀一场激进学⽣生运动席卷整个欧美资本主义世界。在法国,抗议运动被称作“五⽉月⻛风暴”。可悲的是,这场轰轰烈烈的⾰革命昙花⼀一现,转眼即逝。在随之⽽而来的郁闷年代⾥里,激进学者难以压抑的⾰革命激情被迫转向学术思想深层的拆解⼯工作。不妨说,他们明知资本主义根深蒂固、难以摇撼,却偏要去破坏⽡瓦解它所依赖的强⼤大发达的各种基础,从它的语⾔言、信仰、机构、制度,直到学术规范与权⼒力⺴⽹网络。•解构主义在此背景下应运⽽而⽣生。为了反对形⽽而上学、逻各斯中⼼心,乃⾄至⼀一切封闭僵硬的体系,解构运动⼤大⼒力宣扬主体消散、意义延异、能指⾃自由。换⾔言之,它强调语⾔言和思想的⾃自由嬉戏,哪怕这种⾃自由仅仅是⼀一曲“带着镣铐的舞蹈”。2.产⽣生背景•JacquesDerrida(1930~2004)ContemporaryFrenchphilosopher,semiotics,literarytheoristsandaestheticians,deconstructionfounderideology.HewasnotsatisfiedWesternphilosophicalthoughtwiththousandsofyears,challengeunquestionabletraditionalphilosophicalconvictionsandcensuretotraditionofWesternmetaphysicssincePlato.Hiscoretheoryistheobjectionabletostructureitself,thatthesymbolitselfhasbeenabletoreflectthetrue,thestudyofindividualismoreimportantthanthewholestructureofthestudy.5——Structuralismleaders——2.Background•雅克·德⾥里达(JacquesDerrida,1930~2004)当代法国哲学家、符号学家、⽂文艺理论家和美学家,解构主义思潮创始⼈人。他不满于⻄西⽅方⼏几千年来贯穿⾄至今的哲学思想,对那种传统的不容置疑的哲学信念发起挑战,对⾃自柏拉图以来的⻄西⽅方形⽽而上学传统⼤大加责难。他的核⼼心理论是对于结构本⾝身的反感,认为符号本⾝身已能够反映真实,对于单独个体的研究⽐比对于整体结构的研究更重要。52.产⽣生背景——解构主义领袖——6•Deconstructionismproducedasoneoftheexploreformintheeraofpostmodernism.Duringthisperiod,ontheonehandpostmodernismfacingacrisisandontheotherhandpostmodernistweredisgustedbysomedesigners.Instructuralistarchitecturalhistory,importantrepresentativesincludesFrankGehry,BernardTschumi,PeterEisenman,ZahaHadid,DanielLiberskind,CoopHimmelblau.ThebiggestimpactisFrankGehry,Heisconsideredthefirststructuralismarchitecturaldesignerintheworld.2.Background62.产⽣生背景•解构主义是在现代主义⾯面临危机,⽽而后现代主义⼀一⽅方⾯面被某些设计家所厌恶,另⼀一⽅方⾯面被商业主义滥⽤用,因⽽而没有办法对控制设计三、四⼗十年之久的现代主义-国际主义起到取⽽而代之的作⽤用时,作为⼀一个后现代时期的设计探索形式之⼀一⽽而产⽣生的。在建筑上最先开始,重要的代表⼈人物有FrankGehry,BernardTschumi,PeterEisenman,ZahaHadid,DanielLiberskind,CoopHimmelblau等⼈人。其中影响最⼤大的是FrankGehry,他被认为是世界上第⼀一个解构主义的建筑设计家。7•FrankGehry(1929~)Famouscontemporarydeconstructionarchitect,wasborninaJewishfamilyinToronto,Canada,aftera17-year-oldimmigrantinCaliforniatohaveastrangeirregularcurvedesign,modelingsculpturalappearanceofthebuildingisknown.KnownasthePicassoconstructionindustry.•Representativeexamples:•VitraFurnitureDesignMuseum(1987-1988),BilbaoGuggenheimMuseum(1993-1997),DisneyMusicCenterofLosAngeles(1998-2003).3.Representativesandtheirworks/FrankGehry73.代表⼈人物及其