瓦尔特惠特曼-Walt-Whitman

WaltWhitman(1819–1892)IntroducctiontoWhitmanWhitman'spoetrysignificanceIntroductiontoWaltWhitman(1819–1892)Americanpoet,essayist,journalist,andhumanistApartofthetransitionbetweenTranscendentalism（超验主义，先验论）andRealismThefatheroffreeverseBornin1819onLongIsland,NewYorkPoor&Semiliterate(半文盲的）parents,only5-6yearsformaleducation,self-educatedWorkedasanofficeboy,printingworker,schoolteacher(1836),free-lancewriterIn1842hewasaneditoroftheAurora[ɔ:'rɔ:rə]andfrom1846to1848hewaseditoroftheBrooklynEagleSupportedslaveryabolishing,dismissedfromhisjobServedasavolunteernurseduringtheCivilWarDiedin1892,unmarriedallhislifeWhitman’sMajorWorksLeavesofGrass«草叶集»acollectionofpoems9editions(1855,1856,1867,1871,1876）2volumes:LeavesofGrass，TwoRivulets《两条小河》,1881,1889,1891-1892(orthe“DeathbedEdition”《临终版本》)12poemsover400poemsIncluding“SongofMyself”《自我之歌》“ThereWasaChildWentForth”《有个小孩走过来》“CrossingBrooklynFerry”《过布鲁克林渡口》“DemocraticVistas”《民主的前景》“PassagetoIndia”《向印度行进》FeaturesofWhitman’spoetry1.Theuseofacertainpronoun“I”2.TwoprinciplesParallelismorarhymeofthoughtPhoneticrecurrence(therepetitionofwordsorphrasesatthebeginningoftheline,inthemiddleorattheend)E.g.Icelebratemyself,andsingmyself,AndwhatIassumeyoushallassume,Foreveryatombelongingtomeasgoodbelongstoyou3.Theadoptof“freeverse”---poetrywithoutafixedbeatorregularrhymescheme4.TheuseofcolorfulwordsandvividimagesLanguage1.strongtendencytouseoralEnglish2.vocabulary–powerful,colourful,rarely-usedwords,wordsofforeignorigins,sometimesevenwrongwordsMajorThemesinHisPoetryEqualityofthingsandbeingsDivinityofeverythingMultiplicityofnatureSelf-reliantspiritDeath,beautyofdeathExpansionofAmericaBrotherhoodandsocialsolidarity(unityofnationsintheworld)PursuitofloveandhappinessSignificancesWhitman’spoetryismarkedbystartlinginnovationsinstyleandcontentthatnotonlyreflectthecontemporarytransitionfrom(1)romanticismtorealism,(2)butthatsignaltheliberationofAmericanliteraturefromitsEuropeanparentage(3)andfromthedominationoftheNewEnglandintellectualestablishment