被动语态之二特殊句型篇

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1中考被动语态-----特殊句型篇目录一.复习被动语态的八种时态二.特殊句型和动词的被动语态㈠简单句的被动语态⑴双宾语⑵复合宾语㈡宾语从句㈢祈使句肯定否定㈣短语动词(包括动介和动副两种)㈤情态动词附:课堂练习学案2内容一.复习被动语态的六种时态一般现在时:am/is/are+p.p.一般过去时:was/were+p.p.一般将来时:shall/willbe+p.p.现在完成时:have/hasbeen+p.p.现在进行时:am/is/are+being+p.p.过去将来时:should/wouldbe+p.p.(含情态动词的被动结构:情态动词+be+p.p.)小测验:①Chinese______bythelargestnumberofpeople.A.speakB.isspeakingC.speaksD.isspoken(2002长沙)②Theboy______togetsupperreadyafterschool.A.weretoldB.istellingC.wastoldD.tells(2002四川眉山)③Alotofnewroads______builtinthewestofChina.A.mustB.mustbeC.hasD.have3二.特殊句型和动词的被动语态㈠简单句的被动语态在这讲开始之前我们先一起复习一下以前学习过的简单句的六种基本结构:1)主+动+表(SVP)例如:Johnisbusy.约翰忙.2)主+动(SV)例如:Iwork.我工作.3)主+动+宾(SVO)例如:ShestudiesEnglish.她学英语.Englishisstudiedbyher.4)主+动+间宾+直宾(SVOiOd)例如:Mymothermademeanewdress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳.Iwasmadeanewdressbymymother.anewdresswasmadeformebymymother.5)主+动+宾+补(SVOC)例如:Timewouldprovemeright.时间会证明我是对的.Iwouldbeprovedrightbytime.1.S+VT+OWevisitedthefactory.Thefactorywasvisitedbyus.2.双宾语主+动+间宾+直宾(SVOiOd)例如:主动句:IgaveTomapencil.被动句①:Tomwasgivenapencil(byme).被动句②:Apencilwasgiven______Tom(byme).主动句:IboughtTomapencil.被动句①:Tomwasboughtapencil(byme).被动句②:Apencilwasbought______Tom(byme).注意:1.由to还是for连接间接宾语的动词由to连接间接宾语的动词,侧重动作的方向。表示“朝着,向着,对着某人。”由for连接间接宾语的动词,侧重动作的受益者。表示“为了某人,替某人。”既可由to也可由for连接间接宾语的动词4pass,give,show,tell,lend,take;post,return,sell,send,write,bring,throw,feed,read,promise,offer,refuse,teach,hand,buy,cook,get,sing,make;choose,pick,find,save,order,book,leave,call,fetchdo,get,read,sing,play2.下面几种情况,通常要用介词to或for引起的短语:⑴当直接宾语是人称代词(it/them)时.如:ThewatchisLiLei's.Pleasegiveittohim.这块手表是李雷的.请把它给他.⑵当强调间接宾语时.如:Mothercooksbreakfastforuseveryday.母亲每天都为我们做早饭.⑶当间接宾语比直接宾语长时.如:Onthebus,heoftengiveshisseattoanoldperson.在公共汽车上,他经常把座位让给老人.3.复合宾语首先让我们回顾一下以前学习的复合宾语:英语中,有些及物动词接宾语后还需接宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况,这样意思才完整.宾语和宾语补足语合称复合宾语.常用句型为:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语.O+VT+O+OC可用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、现在分词、介词短语、动词不定式等.一.宾语补足语是名词、形容词、现在分词、介词短语的被动语态。1.接名词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有call,name,think,make等.如:Wecallthemmooncakes.我们把它们叫作月饼.Theyarecalledmooncakesbyus.2.接形容词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有make,keep,think,find等.如:AtfirstIfoundChinesehard.开始的时候,我发现汉语很难.AtfirstChinesewasfoundhardbyme.3.接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有watch,see,hear,find,keep等.如:Inthecountry,hecanhearbirdssinging.在农村,他能听到鸟儿歌唱.Inthecountry,birdscanbeheardsingingbyhim.4.接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词常见的有find,keep,take等.如:Theboyfoundhispenonthefloor.这个男孩在地板上找到了他的钢笔.Hispenwasfoundonthefloorbytheboy.二.宾语补足语是动词不定式的被动语态。动词不定式作宾语补足语时通常分为下面三种情况:1)接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有tell,want,ask,wish,teach等.如:Tellhimtocomeherethedayaftertomorrow.告诉他后天到这里来.Heistoldtocomeherethedayaftertomorrow.2)接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有hear,see,watch,let,5make等.如:Hemadeuslaugh.他使我们大笑.Wearemadetolaughbyhim.3)接带to或不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的是help.如:Sheoftenhelpshermother(to)dosomehousework.她经常帮母亲做家务活.Hermotherisoftenhelped(to)dosomehouseworkbyher.双宾语和复合宾语的区别:可用下面方法来判断一个及物动词所带的是双宾语还是复合宾语:如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系,则该动词接的是复合宾语,否则就是双宾语.㈡宾语从句带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时,通常用it作为被动句的形式主语,宾语从句则变成了主语从句。此结构有时候可以改为“主语+be+pp+todo”形式。Eg:Peoplesaythatwaterisallaroundthecity.→It’ssaidthatwaterisallaroundthecity.Waterissaidtoallaroundthecity.TheysawthatTomhasgotthefirstplaceintheexam.----ItissaidthatTomhasgotthefirstplaceintheexam.----Tomissaidtohavegotthefirstplaceintheexam.㈢祈使句肯定主动句V+O:Emptytherubbishbinatonce.被动句Let+O+Be+PP:Lettherubbishbinbeemptiedatonce.否定主动句Don’t+V+O:Don’ttellthetruthtohim.被动句Don’t+let+O+be+PP:Don’tletthetruthbetoldtohim.㈣短语动词(包括动介和动副两种)不及物动词不能跟宾语,因此不能用于被动语态,但不及物动词与介词或副词构成的短语动词相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,因而也可以用于被动语态。要注意的是,这样的短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在变成被动语态时不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词,如lookat,lookfor,lookafter,takecareof,takeoff,sendfor等。例如:Wemusttakegoodcareoftheyoungtrees.(√)Theyoungtreesmustbetakengoodcareof.(√)注意:由被动语态形成的动词短语本身即是被动语态的形式,不需再加by.6如:becoveredwithbeinterestedinbemadeof/frombesurprisedat㈤情态动词WecaneasilydownloadmusicfromtheInternet.MusiccanbeeasilydownloadedfromtheInternet.7附:课堂练习学案1.主谓宾句型的被动语态:2.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法:①将间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语保持不变;②将直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如:①Hetoldusastory.(变被动语态)→Weweretoldastory(byhim).或:Astorywastoldtousbyhim.②Hermothergaveheranewpen.(变被动语态)She______________________________byhermother.Anewpen__________________herbyhermother.3.复合宾语的被动语态:一般变法复合宾语变主动,只变宾语“补”不动,原来“宾补”变“主补”,名称变了位不动。当主动结构中含有复合宾语,即“宾语+宾语补足语”时,变成被动语态时只将宾语变成主语,而宾补原地不动,只不过成了主语补足语。例如:①Weallheardtheboycrying.→Theboy___________crying(byusall).②Theteacheraskedthestudentstocomeearly.→Thestudents___________tocomeearly(bytheteacher).③Theadvertiser(报幕员)alwaysmakestheaudiencehappy.→Theaudienceisalways________________bytheadvertiser.④Themanbeattheboyblackandblue.→Theboy___________blackandblue(bytheman).特殊变法:复合宾语中含有使役、感官动词的被动语态这类动词常见的有:see,watch,notice,lookat,observe(五看);let,have,make(三使役);hear,listento(二听);feel(一感觉);help(半帮助,因为后面的to可要可不要)。在主动结构中,其宾补是不带to的不定式,但变成被动语态时,宾补已变成主补,因此不定式的符号to要恢复。例如:①Isawhimgothere.→He________________togothere(byme).②Weheardhimsinginthenextroomjustnow.→Hewasheard________________inthenextroomjustnow(byus).③Shemakesherdaughterplaythepianoeveryday.8→Herdaughter________________playthepianoeveryday(byher).④Heoften________hissistercrybutthistimehewas________tocrybyhissist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