小学英语语法-四大时态

四大时态复习1.一般现在时（1）一般现在时的构成（肯定句）☆be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。☆行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。☆当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。（2）一般现在时的变化☆.be动词的变化。[否定句]：主语+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。[一般疑问句]：Be+主语+其它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.[特殊疑问句]：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?☆.行为动词的变化。[否定句]：主语+don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。如：Idon'tlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：Hedoesn'toftenplay.[一般疑问句]：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.[特殊疑问句]：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?*动词+s的变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks2．以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studies2.现在进行时（1）一般现在时的构成：be(am,is,are)+动词的ing形式。如：Iamreading.我正在读书（2）现在进行时的否定句在be后加not，即be(am,is,are)+not+动词的ing形式。如：Sheisnotdoingherhomeworknow.她现在没有做作业。（3）现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首，即Be(am,is,are)+人+动词ing形式。如：Areyoudrinkingmilknow?你现在在喝牛奶吗？（4）现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词+be+人+动词ing?如：Whereareyougoing?你现在去哪？但who当主语时其结构为：Who+be+动词ing?如：Whoistalkingtoyou?谁在和你说话？*动词加ing的变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping3.一般将来时（1）一般将来时基本结构：①begoingto+do（动词原形）；②will+do（动词原形）.（2）[否定句]：在be动词（am,is,are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。结构为：be(am,is,are)+not+动词原形willnot+动词原形(willnot=won’t)例如：①I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.②Iwillgoshoppingthisweekend.→Iwillnotgoshoppingthisweekend.=Iwon’tgoshoppingthisweekend.（3）[一般疑问句]：be或will提到句首，some改为any,and改为or，第一二人称互换。例如：①Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?②Iwillplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.→Willyouplayfootballtomorrowafternoon?（4）[特殊疑问句]①问人用Who例如：I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→Who’sgoingtoNewYorksoon.②问干什么用What…do.例如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.→Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.③问什么时候用When.例如：She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoingtobed?4.一般过去时（1）．[肯定句]be动词在一般过去时中的变化：☆am和is在一般过去时中变为was。（wasnot=wasn’t）☆are在一般过去时中变为were。（werenot=weren’t）行为动词在一般过去时的句子中要变成过去式（一般是在句子后面加ed）（2）[否定句]：be动词变成wasnot(wasn’t)或werenot(weren’t)如：Hewasn’tateachertwoyearsago.didn’t+动词原形如：Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.（3）[一般疑问句]有be动词的一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。如：Wereyouateachertwoyearsago?句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子,在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?（4）[特殊疑问句]：①疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?②疑问词是who时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Whowenttohomeyesterday?*动词过去式变化规则：☆．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked☆．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted☆．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped☆．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied☆．不规则动词过去式：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat【随堂练习】一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink________go_______stay________make________look_________have_______pass_______carry____come________watch______plant_______fly________study_______brush________do_________teach_______二、按照要求改写句子1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)________________________________________________________3.Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)___________________________4.Iliketakingphotosinthepark.(对划线部分提问)________________________________________________________5.JohncomesfromCanada.(对划线部分提问)___________________________________________________三．写出下列动词的现在分词：play________run__________swim_________make__________go_________like________write_________ski___________read________have_________sing________dance_________put_________see________buy_________love____________live_______take_________come________get_________stop_________sit________begin________shop___________四、句型转换：1.Theyaredoinghousework.(改成否定句)_____________________________________________________________2．Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．I’mplayingthefootballintheplayground.(对划线部分进行提问)_________________________________________________________________4．Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.(对划线部分进行提问)_________________________________________________________________五．填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。What___________________________________________nextMonday?I__________________playbasketball.What_________youdonextMonday?I________playbasketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_____yourmother_______________goshoppingthis___________?Yes,she_________.She________________________buysomefruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。Whattime_______you___________________meet?5.Nancyisgoingtogocamping.（改否定）Nancy________goingtogocamping.6.I’llgoandjointhem.（改否定）I_______go______jointhem.7.I’mgoingtogetupat6