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2010—2011学年中考英语专项练习之动词语态英语中表示主语和谓语之间关系的动词形式称为语态。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。【练习导航】Ⅰ.单项选择()1.—Don’tdroplitter,boy.Lookatthesign:“Rubbishintothedustbin.”—Sorry.A.hasthrownB.wasthrownC.mustthrowD.mustbethrown()2.AftertheearthquakeinTaiwanonCCTVonDecember19th,2009,lotsofpeopledonatedmoney.A.reportsB.wasreportedC.wasreportingD.reported()3.Ithinkcomputersineverydaylifeinafewyears’time.A.willuseB.willbeusedC.areusedD.wereused()4.—What’swrongwiththatboy?—Hebyacaryesterday.A.washitB.hitC.ishitD.hits()5.—Yoursweaterlooksnice.Isitwool?—Yes,andit’sInnerMongolia.A.madeof;madebyB.madeof;madeinC.madeby;madeforD.madeby;madefrom()6.Thiskindofmedicinecool,cleananddryaccordingtotheinstructions.A.shouldbecarriedB.mustbeputC.shouldbelivedD.mustbekept()7.—Whatapity!Theoldbridgedownatlast.Ithadsuchalonghistory.—Butithadbeentoodangeroustowalkonit,anyway.A.breaksB.wasbrokenC.hasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken()8.—CanIplayfootballforsometime,Mum?—Youcan,ifyourhomework.A.willdoB.doesC.isdoneD.willbedone()9.Aftertheearthquake,alotofnewschoolssothatthestudentscangobacktoschooltocontinuetheirstudies.A.willbuildB.havebuiltC.arebuildingD.arebeingbuilt()10.—Whatcanwedoiftherainlastsforanotherday?—Ifso,theschoolsportsmeeting.A.willputoffB.haveputoffC.willbeputoffD.havebeenputoffⅡ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Atalkonscience(give)inourschoolnextSunday.2.Theletter(write)inJapanese.Canyoureaditforme?3.Chinese(speak)bymoreandmorepeopleintheworldnow.4.Themagazines(mustreturn)tothelibraryintwoweeks.5.—Whatkindofricedoyouthinkisthebesttoeat?—Iliketoeatthericethat(grow)inthesouthofChina.6.Somethingmust(do)tomakeourcityabetterplacetolive.7.Threepatients(operate)onbythefamousdoctorinthepast10hours.8.We(tell)nottoplaycomputergamesatschool.9.Thelittleboywasoftenseen(read)booksbythelakeafterschool.10.Thephone(invent)byBell.Heisverygreat.11.—Lookatthesignontheright.—Oh,smoking(notallow)here.12.—Whydidyoumovetoanothercity,John?—BecauseI(offer)anewjobthere.13.—Howdoyoulikethedress?—Verymuch.It(feel)softandnice.14.IfI(give)moretime,Icangeteverythingready.15.ZhaozhouBridgeisoneoftheoldestbridgesallovertheworld.It(build)about1,400yearsago.【指点迷津】一、被动语态与主动语态相互转换的注意事项1.分清动作的执行者和承受者，即分清主动语态和被动语态，如为被动语态，按照不同时态的被动语态规则进行变化。2.通常只有及物动词才有被动语态，但一些不及物动词加上介词（副词）构成的动词短语也有被动语态，此时该动词短语不可分割，后面的介词（副词）不能省略。如：(1)Weheardastrangenoiseyesterdayevening.（主动语态）Astrangenoisewasheard(byus)yesterdayevening.（被动语态，hear为及物动词）(2)Weputonashortplayatthepartylastnight.（主动语态）Ashortplaywasputonattheparty(byus)lastnight.（被动语态）3.主动句中使役动词make,let,have和感官动词see,feel,hear等后常接不带to的不定式，但在被动语态中，常将to还原出来。如：Thebossmadethechildrenworkovertwelvehoursinthepast.（主动语态）Thechildrenweremadetoworkovertwelvehours(bytheboss)inthepast.（被动语态）4.带双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时，可将其中的一个变为被动句的主语，另一个不变。一般是把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，如把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，则在间接宾语前加介词for或者to。如：Mymothergavemeapresentonmytenthbirthday.（主动语态）Iwasgivenapresentbymymotheronmytenthbirthday.（被动语态，间接宾语作主语）Apresentwasgiventomeonmytenthbirthday.（被动语态，直接宾语作主语）二、其他常考点清单1.连系动词look,taste,smell等后接形容词作表语，不用于被动语态，但汉语中有被动的意味。如：Oh,themilktastesstrange—doyouthinkit’sOKtodrink?2.open,sell,write,wear等用作不及物动词时，它们的主语是物，可用主动语态表被动意义。如：Thiskindofshirtsellsverywellhere.这种衬衫在这儿卖得很好。3.want/need/require+doingsth.相当于want/need/require+tobedone的形式，tobedone表示不定式的被动语态。如：Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.我的自行车需要修理一下。4.“Peoplesay…”或“Theysay…”这种句子变为被动语态时，一般用It’ssaidthat…结构，表示“据说……”，“听说……”。Key：Ⅰ.1-5DBBAB6-10DBCDCⅡ.1.willbegiven2.iswritten3.isspoken4.mustbereturned5.isgrown6.bedone7.havebeenoperated8.aretold9.toread10.wasinvented11.isn’tallowed12.wasoffered13.feels14.amgiven15.wasbuilt