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Book6Unit3Grammar:Theuseof“it”Discovering“It”1.Itrainsheavily.2.2.Itis20kilometersfromGranddad'shousetoJames’.3.ItisNovember11,2005.4.Itis9o’clockatnight.5.It'llbelovelyinthegardentonight．6.Itisbadtosmoke.7.Itislikelythathewillsucceed.天气距离日期时间形式主语环境形式主语1.it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:2.Whereismypen?It’sontheground.2.也可以指动物或未知性别的人如婴儿等:Isthisyourdog？No,itisn’t.一、it作人称代词Whoisknockingatthedoor?It’sme.Whoisthisbaby?It’smyson.It可以指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、长度、气侯、温度、环境等，称为非人称的it。1.指天气：Itisalovelyday,isn’tit?Itisabitwindy.2.指时间:Itisnineo’clocknow.3.指环境:Itisverybeautifulhere.4.指距离：Itishalfanhour’swalktothecitycentrefrommyhome.二、it作非人称代词5.指日期：--What'sthedatetoday?--It'sDec.15,2012.6.指季节：Itiswinternow.7.指重量：Itisabout5kilograms.8.指价值：----What'sthecostoftheT-shirt?----Itis150yuan.替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语置于句尾。三、it用作形式主语（1）It+be+adj.forsb.todosth.此处adj.通常为描述事件的形容词：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right，wrong，important，unimportant，legal，illegal，polite，impolite，clear，obvious，certain，suitable，proper，fit，useful，useless，dangerous…It’simportantforustolearnEnglish.Itisillegal（forateenager）todriveacarwithoutalicense.1.代作主语的动词不定式（2）It+be+adj.ofsb.todosth.此处adj.通常为描述人的形容词：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless，careful，careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，wise，crazy.It'skindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.It'snogood/usedoing…It's（well）worthdoing…It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(3)It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型2.it作形式主语替代主语从句Itisclear(obvious，true，possible,certain…)that...该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然,真的……）”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。例如：Itisveryclearthathe’slying.①It+is+adj.+thatclauseItissaid(reported/learned/believed/thought/known.....)thatclause...该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉．．．）”。Itissaidthatheisathief.Itisknowntoallthatheisathief.Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.②Itisv-edthatclause③Itis+noun+从句Itisapity(ashame/asurprise/...)that...该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。例如：Itisashamethatsuchathing(should)happeninourclass.这种事竟然发生在我们班上，真是太丢人了！Itisapitythathehasn’tcomeyet.他还没有来，真遗憾！四、it作形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。该句型中的it作形式宾语，常用的动词有think,believe,make,find,consider,feel等。Ithinkitnousearguingwithhim.我认为和他争吵没有用。IfounditverydifficulttostudyEnglish.我发现学英语非常难。HemadeitclearthathewasnotinterestedinEnglish.他非常清楚地表示他对英语不感兴趣。注意：有些动词如appreciate,like,dislike,love,hate,dependon,seeto(务必),counton(指望)等，在其后面不能直接跟宾语从句，而需要先加形式宾语it,然后再加宾语从句。Iwillappreciateitifyoucanhelpme.Youcan’tcountonitthathewillhelpyou.Pleaseseetoitthatyoubringenoughmoneywhenyougoout.IhateitwhenIhavetospeakinEnglishonthephone.Youcandependonitthatheisveryclever.五、用于强调句型中Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who...Itisnotuntil+被强调部分+that...ImetTomintheparkyesterday.1)ItwasIwhometTomintheparkyesterday.2)ItwasTomwhoImetintheparkyesterday.3)ItwasintheparkthatImetTomyesterday.4)ItwasyesterdaythatImetTominthepark.Itwasatfiveo’clock_______Igothome.Itwasfiveo’clock_________Igothome.whenthat强调句非强调句强调句用以强调主语，宾语，介词宾语以及状语。（强调人时用that和who／whom皆可）Itwasshewho／thathadbeenwrong．是她错了。()Itwasthegirlwhom／thatImetjustnow．我刚才遇见的就是这个女孩。()ItwasTomtowhomtheteacherhadtalked．老师与其谈话的那个人是汤姆。（）ItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened．所有这一切就是在星期一的晚上发生的。（）主语宾语介词宾语时间状语Itisnotuntil+被强调部分+that...该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语“直到……才……”，可以说是not...until...的强调形式。例如:ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.=Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.六、It常用的固定搭配1.makeit（1）makeit及时赶到;成功;办成e.g.Youcanmakeitifyouhurry.如果你赶快还可以及时赶到。Youneedn’tworry;hewillmakeit.你不必担心,他会办到的。（2）在口语中，表示“约定好时间”例—Shallwemeetnextweek？—OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.2.takeit/thingseasy相当于Don‘tworryordon’thurry.用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，沉住气”Takeiteasy！Hewilldoitwell.3.Italldepends/thatalldepends在口语中，相当于ithasn‘tbeendecidedyet，表示“那得看情况，还没有定下来”—Areyougoingtothecountrysideforholiday？—It/Thatalldepends.4.It'suptosb.在口语中，相当于it'sdecidedbysb.表示“由……决定，由……负责，取决于……”—Shallwegooutfordinner？—It'suptoyou.七.It的一些习惯用法Howisitwithyourstudy?学习好吗？That’sit.这就对了。Itwenthardwithhim.他身遇不幸。Itisalloverwithme.我完蛋了。Wemustfightitout.我们必须坚持到底。I.单项选择1.Hedidn’tmake____clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.A.thisB.thatC.itD.these2.____wasTomwhokilledthewoman.A.AsB.ThatC.ThisD.It3.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but______didn’thelp.(全国卷II)A.itB.sheC.whichD.he4.I’dappreciate______ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.(山东)A.thatB.itC.thisD.youII.单句改错下面的句子选自高考试题的改错部分，用你的火眼金睛把错误找出来吧！1.Youwon’tfinddifficulttogettothecitycenter.(全国卷IV)2.Iknowthereisnoteasytobeateacher.(湖北)find后加itthere→itReviseandmastertheuseofit.Homework