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1高中英语语法讲义第二讲——特殊句式倒装句通常句式为自然语序“主语+谓语”，有时为了强调句子的某一部分，或者出于词汇用法、语法结构或修辞上的需要，将这种比较固定的语序加以颠倒，就形成了倒装。分为完全倒装，部分倒装和形式倒装。一.完全倒装：谓语动词完全置于主语之前，主语为名词不为代词，谓语不用进行时。1.一些表示地点、时间或方位等的副词或介词短语。如：here,there,now,then,up,down,in,out,away,off,intheroom,onthewall等置于句首。Downcametherainandupwenttheumbrella.Thenfollowedthreedaysofheavyrain.Outrushedthechildrenlaughingloudly.Awayflewtheplane.2.such位于句首。SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanandthe20thcentury’sgreatestscientist.注：此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。Sucharethefacts;noonecandenythem.二．部分倒装：只把谓语的一部分（助动词，情态动词或be动词）置于主语之前1.so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，意为“...也是如此”。Theylovemakinglotsoffriends;sodoI.2.neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，意为“...也不这样”。Lilycan’trideabicycle;neither/norcanLucy.3.否定词never,seldom,nor,not,little,hardly,scarcely等或表示否定意义的介词短语atnotime,under/innocircumstances,innocase,bynomeans,onnocondition等置于句首时。Notasinglemistakedidhemake.=Hedidn’tmakeasinglemistake.4.only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。OnlythendidIbegintounderstandhim.Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.Onlyafterthewardidhelearnthesadnews.5.so...that...和such...that...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的部分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。SoclearlydoeshespeakEnglishthathecanalwaysmakehimselfunderstood2Suchprogressdidhemakethathewonmuchrespect.三．形式倒装：在语法上称为前置。只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。1.感叹句Whataninterestingtalktheyhad!=Howinterestingatalktheyhad!2.the+比较级.....,the+比较级.....句型ThemoreyoulistentoEnglish,theeasieritbecomes.3.whatever+n.或however+adj./adv.引导的让步状语从句Whateverreasonsyouhave,youshouldcarryoutyourpromise.Howeverdifficulttheproblemmaybe,wemustworkitoutthisevening.4,as/though引导让步状从，表语、状语、含情态动词的谓语提前，表语为单数名词提前不用冠词。Youngas/thoughhewas,hewassuccessful.Childas/thoughheis,heknowsmuch.题组训练1.Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheartyoukeepgoodrelationshipswithothers.2.Atnotimetheyactuallybreaktherulesofthegame.Itwasunfairtopunishthem.3.OnlyafterMaryreadhercompositionthesecondtimeshenoticethespellingmistake.4.---It’ssogood.NeverbeforeIhadsuchanicemeal!---Iamgladyoulikeit.答案：1.will2.did3.did4.have强调句1.强调句型的陈述句形式：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。被强调部分为“人”时可用who/that,被强调部分是“事物”时用that.ItisIwho/thatamright（强调主语）Itwashimthat/whowemetattheschoolgate.（强调宾语）ItwasintheparkthatTomlosthiswatch.（强调状语）2.强调句型的一般疑问句形式：Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分Wasitin1939thattheSecondWorldWarbrokeout?IsitProfessorWangwhoteachesyouEnglish?33.强调句型的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+is/wasitthat+其他成分。Whowasitthatbrokethewindow?Whenwasitthatyoucalledmeyesterday?Whatisitthatyouwantmetodo?4.有时可用Itmightbe......that/who....,Itmusthavebeen......that/who....句型表示强调。Itmightbehisfatherthat/whoyou’rethinkingof.Itmusthavebeenhisbrotherthat/whoyousaw.5.not.....until....结构的强调句型。其强调句式为：Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+主句的肯定式Hedidn’tgotobeduntilteno’clock.Itwasnotuntilteno’clockthathewenttobed.Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.二对谓语动词的强调Itis/was......who/that.....结构不能强调谓语动词。强调谓语动词，用助动词do,does或did加原形。Docomethisevening.Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.Tomdoesstudyhardnow.三特殊疑问句中以“thedevil”“onearth”“intheworld”表“究竟；到底”之意来起强调的作用。Whatonearthareyoudoing.？题组训练1.WasbecauseJackcamelateforschoolMr.Smithgotangry?2.ItonlyafterhehadreadthepapersMr.Grossrealizedthetaskbeforehimwasextremelydifficulttocomplete.3.ItwasnotuntilIcamehereIrealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather.4.Itwasfromonlyafewsuppliesthatshehadboughtinthevillagethehostesscookedsuchanicedinner.其他特殊句式4一省略与代替（一）定语从句中的省略现象限制性定语从句中宾语的关系代词that,which,whom常可以省略。如Sheisthegirl(whom/who/that)Iwouldliketoworkwith.（二）状语从句中的省略现象1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，这时从句中可以出现下列结构：（1）连词（though,if,when等）+形容词Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou’llregret.（2）连词（asif,while等）+介词短语Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)insearchofsomething.（3）连词（when,while,though）+现在分词While（Iwas）walkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.（4）连词（when,if,unless,once,than等）+过去分词Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan(itwas)expected.（5）连词（asif,asthough等）+不定式Heopenedhismouthasif(hewere)tosaysomething.注：当主从句的宾语一致时，有时也可以这样省略。如：Herfathertoldhertobecarefulwhen(shewas)crossingthestreet.2.当从句中的主语是it，谓语部分又含有be动词时，也可把it和be动词一起省略，构成“连词（if,unless,when,whenever等）+形容词”的结构。Makeacarefulplanif(itis)possible.Unless(itis)necessary,you’dbetternotrefertothedictionary.（三）不定式的省略，单独使用不定式符号to1.代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常用在beafraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,reuse,seem,try,want,wish等后面。Iaskedhimtoseeafilm,buthedidn’twantto.2.在have,need,ought,begoing,used等后面Ididn’twanttogothere,butIhadto.3.在某些形容词，如glad,happy,pleased,delighted后面。---Willyoujoininthegame?---I’dbegladto.4.否定形式的省略用notto.---ShallIgoinsteadofhim?---Ipreferyounotto.5（四）用so或not代替前面提到的句子。1.在if条件句中，常用so/that代替前面提到的句子。Getupearlytomorrow.Ifnot(=Ifyoudon’tgetupearly),youwillmissthefirstbus.Hemaynotbeathomethen.Ifso(=Ifheisnotathome),leavehimanote.2.think,hope,suppose,believe,imagine,beafraid,expect,guess等词后常用not代替否定句，so代替短语或从句。---Shemustlooklikeaprettygirl.---Yes,Iimagineso.---IsProfessorSmithverysick?---I’mafraidso.---Islippedonthestairs.Ithinkmyarmisbroken.---Oh!Ihopenot.Hewantedtogowithus,buthedidn’tsayso.题组训练:将下列句子中的省略成分补全1.Hewasde