最新文档-英国文学简史--Part-II-The-English-Renaissance-PPT精品

Renaissance:Flowering1.PoetrySirPhilipSidney,EdmundSpenser,JohnLyly&SonnetfromShakespeare2.ProseFrancisBacon3.DramaChristopherMarlowe&WilliamShakespeare,BenJohnsonEarlyPlaysinMiddleAges1.TheMystery/MiraclePlays神秘剧/圣迹剧2.TheMoralityPlays道德剧3.TheClassicalPlays古典剧Question:Whatarethesignificancesof3kindsofplays?I.TheMiraclePlays圣迹剧1.Choosetherightanswer.TheMiracleplayswereatfirstperformedinthe_____.A.churchesB.marketplaceC.wagonD.theatreA2.TrueorFalseTheMiracleplayswerenotforbiddentoperforminchurchesaftertheactorsintroducedsecularandevencomicalelementsintotheperformance.T在1599年歌剧诞生之前，戏剧就已经存在了，中世纪的神秘剧（mysteryplay）就是其中最主要的形式之一，其内容主要取材自《圣经》中的故事，包含独唱、重唱、合唱等表达方式，例如著名的《但以理神秘剧》。在同时代，还有一种以圣徒殉道为题材的圣迹剧（miracleplay），但流传不如神秘剧广泛。II.TheMoralityPlay道德剧1.Moralityplaysappearedafter_____.A.miracleplaysB.mysteryplaysC.interludeD.ClassicalplaysA2.Amoralityplaypresentedthe________ofgoodand______with____________personages.conflictevilallegorical道德剧（moralplay）的题材不像前两者那样取自宗教，而是比较世俗化，介于宗教剧与世俗剧之间。这类剧的主人公往往是抽象化的角色，诸如“善”、“恶”、“美德”、“慈悲”、“真理”、“死亡”等等，采用拟人的方式来加以表现，主要功用是教化民众，教人抛弃欲望，一心向善。到十六世纪，道德剧越来越世俗化，最终发展成世俗剧，形式也更加多样化，包括世俗插剧（secularinterlude）、闹剧（farce）、民俗剧（folkplay）和寓言剧（allegoricaldrama）。其中闹剧是完全世俗化的戏剧，没有任何宗教成分，民俗剧主要以罗宾汉等家喻户晓的人物为主角，世俗插剧用于节庆演出，寓言剧主要流行于荷兰、比利时等国家。II.TheMoralityPlay道德剧3._____isusedtosayanddogoodthings.A.MercyB.FollyC.ViceD.PeaceA4.Oneofthepopularmoralityplayswas____.A.TheShepherdsB.EverymanC.ThePlayoftheWeatherD.GammerGurton’sNeedleBIII.TheClassicalDrama1.Throughtherevivalofclassicalliterature,Englishplaywrightscameintocontactwith_____and______drama.2.FromthecontactwithGreekandLatindrama,Englishplaywrightslearnedalltheimportantrulesin________and______,themoreexactconceptionof________and________.GreekLatinstructurestylecomedytragedyIII.TheClassicalDrama4.ThefirstEnglishcomedyisandthefirstEnglishtragedyis_________________________.Miracleplays,moralityplays,interludesandclassicalplayspavedthewayfortheflourishingofdrama.Besides,advancedLondonTheatresystemandincreasingnumbersofaudienceserveforthedevelopmentofdrama.Otherchangesindrama1.TheInterlude插曲,幕间插入的表演Whatisthepurposeof“Interlude”?Toenliven(cheerup)theaudienceafterasolemn(serious)scene.Theinterestinginterludeis___________.2.LondontheatrePlaysproducedforthegeneralpublicRooflessopenairNoartificiallightingCourtyardsurroundedby3levelsofgalleries3.TheaudienceThePlayoftheWeatherChritopherMarloweUniversityWits大学才子派ItwasagroupofElizabethanplaywrightsandpamphleteerswhooncestudiedattheuniversitiesofOxfordorCambridge.Latertheysetupasprofessionalwriters,sellingtheirlearningandtheirwitstotheLondonpublicofplaygoersandtothepublicaswell.ThemostimportantfiguresincludeRobertGreene,ThomasKyd,JohnLyly,ChristopherMarloweandThomasLodge.AndthemostgiftedisMarlowe(1564–1593),thegreatestofthepioneersofEnglishDrama,whofirstmadeblankversetheprincipalinstrumentofEnglishdrama.大学才子派,即：莎士比亚之前英国人文主义戏剧家的总称。马洛（1564—1593）是“大学才子”中最有才华、成就最大的一个，在文学史上享有“诗剧的晨星”、“英国悲剧之父”的美誉。他是莎士比亚以前英国戏剧界最重要的人物，也是英国文艺复兴戏剧的真正创始人，首先将无韵诗节运用于戏剧创作中blankverse(无韵诗，素体诗)Refertop.55Versewritteninunrhymediambicpentameter.不押韵的五音步诗行theprincipalinstrumentofEnglishdramaalivingthing,vigorous,fluidandpreciseWorksTamburlaine(1587),《帖木儿大帝》TheJewofMalta(1592)《马耳他的犹太人》TheTragicHistoryofDoctorFaustus(1588)《浮士德博士的悲剧》（P52-53）“ThePassionateShepherdtoHisLove”(after-classreading)Marlowe’sLearningandWorkslearnedandknowledgeableastronomy,geography,medicalscience,history,GreekepicsandLatin,andespecialinterestindrama3bestplays:Tamburlaine«铁木儿»,in1587TheJewofMalta,«马耳他岛的犹太人»in1592Dr.Faustus,«浮士德博士的悲剧»in1588“ThePassionateShepherdtoHisLove”(after-classreading)Marlowe’sWorks:Tamburlaine《铁木儿》thesubject-matterThecareerofTamburlainetheMongolconquerorashepherd;aKhanfinallyFortune’slordRefertotheexcerptsonp.51cruel,inhuman,cold-blooded,heartlessBydepictingagreatherowithhighambitionandsheerbrutalforceinconqueringoneenemyafteranother,MarlowevoicedthesupremedesireofthemanoftheRenaissanceforinfinitepowerandauthority.Marlowe’sWorks:TheJewofMalta(马耳他的犹太人）TheheroofTheJewofMaltaisBarabas,arichmerchantandaTamburlaineinthenarrowersphereoffinance.Multiplechoices____isMarlowe’smasterpiece.A.TamburlaineB.TheJewofMaltaC.TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustusD.ThePassionateShepherdtoHisLoveCMarlowe’sDoctorFaustus(p.52-53)Germanlegend,withmorestrikinghumanistcolor1.Hero:DoctorFaustuschieffeature:aninsatiablethirstforknowledge(不能满足的)(渴望)DoctorFaustussoldhissoultotheDevilsoastogainmagicalpowers.Story:FaustusisascholaratWittenbergUniversity.HeordershisservantWagnertogettwopractitionersofblackmagic.Faustuswantstobehisowngod.WhenWagnerisaway,theGoodAngelandEvilAngelappearandtrytowinFaustusfortheircause.Faustusistaughtthebasicsofblackmagic,andconjuresup(用魔法召唤)thedevil’smessenger,Mephistophilis.MephistophiliswantstoclaimFaustus’soul..FaustusandMephistophilismakeadeal:24yearsofservicefromM.,inexchangeforFaustus’oul…MephistophilishastoletFaustusinondarkmysteriesoflife.Lucifer,princeofthedevils,tellsMephistophilisthatFaustusmustsignacontracti