1225VALIDATIONOFCOMPENDIALPROCEDURES药典规程的验证Testproceduresforassessmentofthequalitylevelsofpharmaceuticalarticlesaresubjecttovariousrequirements.AccordingtoSection501oftheFederalFood,Drug,andCosmeticAct,assaysandspecificationsinmonographsoftheUnitedStatesPharmacopeiaandtheNationalFormularyconstitutelegalstandards.TheCurrentGoodManufacturingPracticeregulations[21CFR211.194(a)]requirethattestmethods,whichareusedforassessingcomplianceofpharmaceuticalarticleswithestablishedspecifications,mustmeetproperstandardsofaccuracyandreliability.Also,accordingtotheseregulations[21CFR211.194(a)(2)],usersofanalyticalmethodsdescribedinUSP-NFarenotrequiredtovalidatetheaccuracyandreliabilityofthesemethods,butmerelyverifytheirsuitabilityunderactualconditionsofuse.RecognizingthelegalstatusofUSPandNFstandards,itisessential,therefore,thatproposalforadoptionofneworrevisedcompendialanalyticalproceduresbesupportedbysufficientlaboratorydatatodocumenttheirvalidity.用于评价药物质量水平的测试规程受到多种要求的影响。根据联邦食品、药物、化妆品法案501款,在美国药典和国家处方集的各论中的含量测定和质量标准构成了法定标准。现行药品优良生产规范【21CFR211.194(a)】要求,用于评价药物与既有质量标准之间的符合性的分析规程必须在准确度和可靠性方面达到适当的标准。并且根据这些法规【21CFR211.194(a)(2)】,在USP-NF中描述的分析规程的使用者无需验证这些规程的准确度和可靠性,而仅需确认其在实际使用条件下的适用性。认识到USP和NF标准的法律地位,因此,提议采纳新的或更改过的药典分析规程时,以充分的实验室数据作为支持,以记录其有效性,成为基本要求。Thetextofthisinformationchapterharmonizes,totheextentpossible,withtheTripartiteInternationalConferenceonHarmonization(ICH)documentsValidationofAnalyticalProceduresandtheMethodologyextensiontext,whichareconcernedwithanalyticalproceduresincludedaspartofregistrationapplicationssubmittedwithintheEC,Japan,andtheUSA.本信息章节的内容尽可能地与三方国际协调会议(ICH)文件分析规程的验证和方法学的延伸内容保持一致,ICH的内容关注的是作为在欧盟、日本、美国提交注册申请的一部分的分析规程。SUBMISSIONSTOTHECOMPENDIA向药典提交的文件SubmissionstothecompendiaforneworrevisedanalyticalproceduresshouldcontainsufficientinformationtoenablemembersoftheUSPCouncilofExpertsanditsExpertCommitteestoevaluatetherelativemeritofproposedprocedures.Inmostcases,evaluationsinvolveassessmentoftheclarityandcompletenessofthedescriptionoftheanalyticalprocedures,determinationoftheneedfortheprocedures,anddocumentationthattheyhavebeenappropriatelyvalidated.Informationmayvarydependinguponthetypeofmethodinvolved.However,inmostcasesasubmissionwillconsistofthefollowingsections.向药典提交关于新的或更改过的分析规程的文件应该包括充足的信息,以使USP专家大会和其专家委员会能够评估拟议规程的相对优势。在大多数情况下,这些评估涉及对分析规程描述的清楚和完整程度的评价,对规程的需求的确定,以及它们已经进行了适当验证的记录文件。这些信息可以根据所涉及规程的种类而变化。但是,在大多数情况下,提交的文件将有下面的章节组成。Rationale----Thissectionshouldidentifytheneedfortheprocedureanddescribethecapabilityofthespecificprocedureproposedandwhyitispreferredoverothertypesofdeterminations.Forrevisedprocedures,acomparisonshouldbeprovidedoflimitationsofthecurrentcompendialprocedureandadvantagesofferedbytheproposedprocedure.基本原理----此部分应该辨明对于该规程的需求,并描述具体拟议中规程的能力,以及其为什么优于其他种类检测。对于更改的规程,应该提供对当前药典规程之缺陷与拟议中规程之优势的比较。ProposedAnalyticalProcedure---Thissectionshouldcontainacompletedescriptionoftheanalyticalproceduresufficientlydetailedtoenablepersons“skilledintheart”toreplicateit.Thewrite-upshouldincludeallimportantoperationalparametersandspecificinstructionssuchaspreparationofreagents,performanceofsystemsuitabilitytests,descriptionofblanksused,precautions,andexplicitformulasforcalculationoftestresults.拟议的分析规程----此部分包含对该分析规程的完整描述,应足够具体以便能让业内技术熟练的人重复它。文章应该包括所有重要的操作参数和具体的指令,例如试剂制备、系统适用性测试表现、所使用空白对照的描述、预防措施、用于计算测试结果明确公式。DataElement----Thissectionshouldprovidethoroughandcompletedocumentationofthevalidationoftheanalyticalprocedure.Itshouldincludesummariesofexperimentaldataandcalculationssubstantiatingeachoftheapplicableanalyticalperformancecharacteristics.Thesecharacteristicsaredescribedinthefollowingsection.数据要素----此部分应该提供完全彻底的分析规程验证记录文件。其应该包括对于证明每一个实用工作特性的实验数据和计算的总结。这些特性在下面的部分描述。VALIDATION验证Validationofananalyticalprocedureistheprocessbywhichitisestablished,bylaboratorystudies,thattheperformancecharacteristicsoftheproceduremeettherequirementsfortheintendedanalyticalapplications.TypicalanalyticalperformancecharacteristicsthatshouldbeconsideredinthevalidationofthetypesofproceduresdescribedinthisdocumentarelistedinTable1.Becauseopinionsmaydifferwithrespecttoterminologyanduse,eachoftheperformancecharacteristicsisdefinedinthenextsectionofthischapter,alongwithadelineationofatypicalmethodormethodsbywhichitmaybemeasured.分析规程的验证是,通过实验室研究,确定该规程的工作特性达到了预定分析用途要求的过程。在此文件中所描述的规程种类的验证中,应当考虑的常见分析工作特性在表1中列出。因为对于术语和使用的意见可能不同,在此通则的下个部分定义了每个工作性能,以及可以对其进行测量的常用的一个或几个方法的描绘。Table1.TypicalAnalyticalCharacteristicsUsedinMethodValidation表1.在方法验证中使用的常用分析特性Accuracy准确度Precision精密度Specificity专属性DetectionLimit检测限度QuantitationLimit定量限度Linearity线性Range范围Robustness耐用性Inthecaseofcompendialprocedures,revalidationmaybenecessaryinthefollowingcases:asubmissiontotheUSPofarevisedanalyticalprocedure;ortheuseofanestablishedgeneralprocedurewithanewproductorrawmaterial(seebelowinDataElementsRequiredforValidation).对于药典规程,在下面的情况下可能必需在验证:向USP提交修改的分析规程;或将已确立的通用规程用于新产品或原料(见下面验证必需的数据要素)TheICHdocumentsgiveguidanceonthenecessityforrevalidationinthefollowingcircumstances:changesinthesynthesisofthedrugsubstance;changesinthecompositionofthedrugproduct;andchangesinthean