英语修辞手法

Page|1LENotes:Rhetoricaldevices1AlliterationAdjacentwords​beginning​withthe​same​​sound​usuallystartwiththesameletter.However,notethatit’sthesoundsofwordsthatmustrepeat,notthespelling.Thus,‘honest’and‘humble’arenotalliterative,neitherare‘charismatic’and‘charming’.Adverb+Adjective/Verb+AdverbAdjective+AdjectiveNoun+Nounstaredatmesinisterlycool,calm,confidenttipsandtechniquesaprivilegeandapleasuredashing,dapper,debonairtheprinceandthepauperexuberantlyexecutedperformanceconfidentandcharismaticSupermanandSpidermanAdjective+NounCorrectly,concisely,creativelyVerb+Verbsensationalspeakerrelive,relax,reconnecthemmedandhawedwarmwelcomeentertainingandenthrallingbangedandbawledterrifiedteacherFantastic,fabulousandfunframeandfocusRhyme​:Adjacentwordsendingwithsimilarsounds1)With​pain​,comes​gain2)Onlybygracecanwe​enter​,notbyhuman​endeavors3)“Twinkle,twinklelittle​star​.HowIwonderwhatyou​are​.4)Andwillyou​succeed​?Yesyouwill​indeed​!5)Whenyou​believe​,youwill​receive​,whenyou​receive​,youwill​achieve​.MetaphorItistheimaginativeuseofwordsorphasetodescribesomething,somebodyoranotherobjecttoshowthatithasthesamequalitiesandtomakethedescriptionmoreforceful.Withoutusing“Like”Directmetaphor​:stateboththingsbeingcompared1)Theassignmentwasabreeze.2)Laughter​isthemusicofthe​soul​.Indirectmetaphor​:stateonethingandleavestheaudiencetoinfertheother1)She​cut​him​down​withher​words​.2)Taking​flight​withthe​wings​oflove3)Life​whisperstoyour​soul​andspeakstoyour​heartParallelism1CHENXIAONAFeb2016PreparedbyChenXiaona2January,2016Page|2Itisafigureofbalanceidentifiedbysuccessivewordsorphraseswiththesameorverysimilargrammaticalstructure.1)Leteverynationknow,whetheritwishesuswellorill,thatweshall​payanypric​e,bearanyburden​,​meetanyhardship​,​supportanyfriend​,​opposeanyfoe​toassurethesurvivalandthesuccessofliberty.---John.F.Kennedy2)TellmeandIforgot​.​TeachmeandImayremember.InvolvemeandIwilllearn​.Personification1)Thatstupid​car​causedtheroadaccident(acarcannotbe“stupid”likeahumanbeing)2)Ihavenotgoneoutwith​her​foralongtime(referringtoa​pairofshoes​)3)Theocean​danced​inthemoonlight.4)Shedidnotrealizethat​opportunity​was​knocking​atherdoor.AllusionAshortreferencetoafamouspersonorevent.1)Ifyoutakehisparkingplace,youcanexpect​WorldWarII​alloveragain.2)“Itisrainingsohard,Ihopeitdoesn’trainfor​40daysand40nights​.”(Nova,Bible)SimileAcomparisonof2thingswhicharenotrelated,buttheyaresimilarinoneimportantway.Acomparisonusing“like”or”as”,soundsmorecasualandlessemphaticthanametaphor.1)Iwillriseup​like​aneagle2)Ishine​like​acandleinthedarkwhenyoutellmethatyouloveme3)As​heavy​asan​elephant​;as​hard​asa​rock4)Ifwedenyourchildrenaneducation,ignorancewill​grow​​like​​cancer​.AnalogyItinvolvesreferencetosomethingfamiliarorreadilyunderstood,inordertoillustrateandexplainsomethingmorecomplexandlessreadilyunderstood.1)Thepowerofthe​staff​inthe​company​iswhatthepowerofthe​engine​istothe​car​.2)Knowledge​alwaysdesiresincrease;itislike​fire​,whichmustfirstbekindledbysomeexternal​​agent​,butwhichwillafterwards​propagate​​itself​.---SamuelJohnson3)Lifeislikeaboxofchocolates.Contrast/Paradoxes1)So​small​inthesizeofthepocketyetso​big​intheheartofcontribute2)Iam​not​thesportingtype,butIama​good​​sport3)Thereis​beauty​in​destruction​,​violence​in​creation4)Little​pleasure;​great​surprisePreparedbyChenXiaona2January,2016Page|35)Half​marathon,​full​experience6)Dim​but​illuminating7)Here​today​,gone​tomorrow8)Thereare​wider​​expressways​but​narrower​​viewpoints​.9)Alwaysact,neverreact10)ExpecttheunexpectedChiasmus:Averyeffectivetechniquewherethewordsinonephraseorclausearereversedinthenext.1)Butjustbecause​you’rebornintheslum​doesnotmeanthat​slumisborninyou​,andyoucan​riseabove​itifyourmindismadeup.---JesseJackson2)Asknot​whatyourcountrycandoforyou;​ask​whatyoucan​do​foryourcountry.---JohnF.Kennedy.3)Yourmanuscriptisboth​good​and​original​;butthepartthatis​good​​isnotoriginal​,andthepartthatis​originalisnotgood​.---SamuelJohnson4)…gavetheir​lives​thatthenationmight​alive​…AbrahamLincolnQuotationAquotationissimplythewordssaidbyaspecificperson,orinaspecificsituation.Ashortcommonknowexpressioncontainingadviceorwisdom.1)Wecannotopenabookwithoutlearningsomething.---Confucius2)Itdoesnotmatterhowslowlyyougo,solongasyoudonotstop.---Confucius3)Knowingyourselfisthebeginningofallwisdom.---Aristotle4)Iamenoughofanartisttodrawfreelyuponmyimagination.Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge.Knowledgeislimited.Imaginationencirclestheworld.---AlbertEinsteinProverbEveryculturehasacollectionofwisesayingsthatofferadviceabouthowtoliveyourlife.1)WheninRome,doastheRomans.2)Hopeforthebest,butpreparefortheworst.3)Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.IdiomIthasameaningofitsownthatcannotbeunderstoodfromthemeaningsofitsindividualwords.1)Thinkonyourfeet:Adjustingquicklytochangesandmakingfastdecisions.2)Eat,sleepandbreathesomething:Beingsoenthusiasticaboutsomethingthatyouthinkaboutitallthetime.WordplayPreparedbyChenXiaona2January,2016Page|4Itisliterallyjustplayingwiththemeaningsofwords.1)Iknowyouthinkyouunderstan