(四)形容词和副词一、多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序限定词(these,those...)+数量形容词(three)+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(large,long,high)+新旧(old)+颜色(red)+国籍(Chinese)+材料(wood)+用途(writing)+被修饰名词(desk)。abeautifulwhiteJapanesemilitaryjeep二、形容词作定语后置的几种情况1.当形容词修饰不定代词one,no,any,some和every构成的复合词,如:something,anything,nothing时。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.2.当“形容词+介词短语/不定式”构成的短语作定语时。Theteacheraskedmeaquestiontoodifficulttoanswer.3.当两个意义相反的形容词用“both...and...”;and;or或but连接在一起作定语时。Thestudentswererequiredtoseeafilmbothinterestingandinstructive.4.当old,long,high,wide,deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时。Thepeasantsdugawellabout_fifty_metres_deep.三、表语形容词有些形容词只作表语,通常不作前置定语。常见的表语形容词有:afraid,alone,awake,asleep,alive,alike,ashamed,afloat,well,sorry,unable,worth,sure等。Theoldmanwasaloneinthehouse.【注】①上述形容词可以作补语。Wefoundthesnakestillalive.②alive,alone,awake等可以用作后置定语。Heisthegreatestpoetalive.③以a开头的表语形容词大多不可直接用very来修饰。sound/fastasleep熟睡的wideawake十分清醒的四、下列形容词作表语时,主语通常是“事”而不是“人”(im)possible,(un)necessary,(im)probable,(in)convenient,如:Itisnotconvenienttoworkattheweekend.周末工作不便。五、形容词作状语形容词作状语表示伴随或结果。Hereturnedhome,safeandsound.构成方法例词副词词干+分词newlymade新建的fastchanging飞速变化着的名词词干+过去分词snowcovered被雪覆盖的名词词干+现在分词energysaving节省能源的名词词干+形容词词干lifelong终生的数词词干+名词词干fivestar五星级的数词词干+名词edfourstoreyed四层的数词词干+名词+形容词fiveyearold5岁的形容词词干+过去分词readymade现成的,预先制成的形容词词干+名词edcoldblooded冷血的形容词词干+现在分词ordinarylooking相貌一般的形容词词干+形容词词干redhot炽热的六、复合形容词的构成【注】复合形容词中的名词不能用复数形式。七、两种形式的副词有些副词有两种形式,其中一种形式与形容词相同,另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀“ly”。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不大相同,应加以分辨。close接近(指距离)——closely仔细地,密切地free免费——freely自由地,自如地deep深——deeply深刻地,深入地hard努力地——hardly几乎不wide宽阔——widely广泛地high高——highly高度地late晚、迟——lately近来near邻近——nearly几乎most最——mostly主要地;绝大多数地easy从容地——easily容易地八、有些副词置于句首可修饰全句,作评注性状语Fortunately,hewasnotdrownedandwassavedbythePLAmen.九、副词enough的用法1.enough作副词用来修饰形容词、副词时要放在所修饰词的后面。IfIhadalongenoughholiday,I’dvisitEurope,stoppingatallthesmallinterestingplaces.Thedriverdrovehiscarcarefullyenough.2.cannot与enough连用,表示“再……也不为过”。Youcannotbecarefulenough.你再细心也不为过。【注】enough的这一用法可用“cannot(cannever)...too...”句型替换。Youcanneverbetoocarefulinthestreet.(=Youcanneverbecarefulenoughinthestreet.)十、注意下列几句有关形容词、副词的固定搭配He’sdead/blinddrunk.他喝得酩酊大醉。It’sraining/snowingheavily.雨/雪下得很大。He’smoving/breathing/drinking/smokingheavily.他吃力地移动/喘着粗气/酒喝得多/烟抽得多。十一、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1.表示倍数的三个句型:(1)...timesas+形容词原级+as...Thistableis3timesasbigasthatone.(2)...timesthe+性质名词+of...Thistableis3timesthesizeofthatone.(3)...times+形容词比较级+than...Thistableis2timesbiggerthanthatone.2.同程度级的比较,用as...as,thesameas,such...as引导:Henrydoesnothaveso/asmanybooksasIhave.亨利不如我的书多。3.the+比较级……,the+比较级……Themoreyoutalked,thelessattentionhepaidtoyou.你说得越多,他越不注意你。4.比较级+and+比较级,表示“越来越……”Thenewcityisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.新城变得越来越美丽。5.the+比较级+ofthetwo+名词:Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.这两个男孩中较高的是我弟弟。6.用介词by表示相差的程度。SheistallerthanIbythreeinches.她比我高三英尺。7.一个人的两种品质的比较,用more...than结构:Ithinkshe’smoreshythanunfriendly.与其说她不友好,不如说她害羞。8.否定+比较级=最高级Thereisnogreaterlovethanthatofamanwholaysdownhislifeforhisfriends.为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。9.比较的对象不能相互包容,注意:TheMississippiRiverislongerthananyotherriverintheUnitedStates.密西西比河是美国最长的河。10.比较级的修饰语常见的有:rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句),alot,alittle,agreatdeal,byfar,abit,threetimes等。Thestudentsstudyevenharderthanbefore.学生们比以前学习更努力了。11.比较的对象应该相同。ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofanyothercountryintheworld.中国的人口比世界上任何其他国家的都多。Chinahasalargerpopulationthananyothercountryintheworld.12.no+比较级+than的特殊含义AisnomorecarefulthanB.A和B两人都不仔细。AisnolesscarefulthanB.A和B两人都很仔细。过关落实1.Thismagazineisvery________withyoungpeople,wholikeitscontentandstyle.A.familiarB.popularC.similarD.particular解析:bepopularwith受……欢迎。答案:B2.Anew________busservicetoTianjinAirportstartedtooperatetwomonthsago.A.normalB.usualC.regularD.common解析:regular有规律的,固定的。答案:C3.Itisnotsocially________forparentstoleavechildrenunattendedatthatage.A.accessibleB.adorableC.adaptableD.acceptable解析:acceptable可接受的。答案:D4.Aftertwoyears’research,wenowhavea________betterunderstandingofthedisease.A.veryB.farC.fairlyD.quite解析:far/much/even等副词常用来修饰比较级。答案:B5.Hebegantotakepoliticalscience________onlywhenheleftschool.A.strictlyB.trulyC.carefullyD.seriously解析:seriously认真地,严肃地。答案:D6.Thefinalscoreofthebasketballmatchwas9394.Wewereonly________beaten.A.nearlyB.slightlyC.narrowlyD.lightly解析:benarrowlybeaten指比分靠近,(对方)险胜。答案:C7.It’shardforhimplayingagainstme.I’vegotnothingtoplayfor,butforhim,heneedstowinso________.A.farB.wellC.littleD.badly解析:badly在本句中意为“非常,很”。答案:D8.WithApril18’srailwayspeedup,highwayandairtransportwillhavetocompetewith________serviceforpassengers.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest解析:随着四月十八日前火车提速,公路和航空运输将面临更好(betterservice)的竞争。答案:B9.Thoughhestartedlate,Mr.Guoplayedthepianoaswellas,if________,MissLiu.A.notbetterthanB.notbetterC.nobetterthanD.better解析:句中完整结构为ifhedidnotplaybetterthan...。答案:A10.—Doyouneedanyhelp,Lucy?—Yes.Thejobis________Icoulddomyself.A.lessthanB.morethanC.nomorethanD.notmorethan解析:morethan远远超过。答案:B11.We’rehappythatourpredictionsshouldbesoaccurate,whichis________fromexpectation.A.awayB.freeC.farD.empty解析:farfrom意为“远非、远远不够”。答案:C12.________,