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JournalistAuthorProfessorWorldpeaceadvocateNormanCousins(June24,1915–November30,1990)HewasoneofthefoundersofpublictelevisionintheU.S.andaformerchairmanofthePulitzerPrizejuryinliterature.For35yearshewaseditoroftheSaturdayReviewofLiterature(laterrenamedSaturdayReview)duringwhichhewroteeditoriallyonawiderangeoftopicsrelatingtonationalandinternationalissues.Hewasnamed“AuthoroftheYear”bytheSocietyofAuthorsandJournalistsin1980andheldhonorarydegreesinliterature,science,andlawfrom49collegesanduniversities.HecarriedoutdiplomaticmissionsabroadaspersonalemissaryforPresidentsEisenhower,Kennedy,andJohnson.AmongthenumerousawardshereceivedaretheUnitedNationsPeaceMedal,theAmericanPeaceAward,theFamilyofManAward,theEleanorRooseveltPeaceAward,thePersonalMedallionofPopeJohnXXIII,andtheCityofHiroshimaAwardforheadingtheprojectthatdeliveredmedicalandsurgicaltreatmenttovictimsoftheatomicbombingofHiroshima.HediedofheartfailureonNovember30,1990,inLosAngeles,California,havingsurvivedyearslongerthanhisdoctorspredictedBeliefinworldgovernance:Hebelievedthatenduringworldpeacecouldonlybeachievedthrougheffectiveworldgovernance.Beliefinworldfederalism:Hearguedforaworldnolongerbasedonthesupremacyofnationalismandothersuperficialdifferences.Contributionstopeaceandhumanwell-being:HearrangedformedicaltreatmentinUSAfor25youngJapanesewomenwhocametobeknownasthe“HiroshimaMaidens”;helpedsupportthemedicalcareof400Japanesechildrenorphanedbytheatomicbomb;withhiswife,legallyadoptedoneoftheMaidens;helpedcreateaprogramforthe“35PolishwomenwhohadbeenvictimsofNazimedicalexperimentsduringthewar”.“HiroshimaMaidens”StructurePartI(para.1-4)InwhatwayIwasmiseducated.Whythiseducationwasinadequate.Whatkindofeducationweneed.Whatthisneweducationmaybringabout.PartII(paras.5-7)PartIII(paras.8-10)PartIV(paras.11)Thesenotesareinthenatureofaconfession.inthenatureof:kindof;similarto他的请求好像是命令。Hisrequestwasinthenatureofacommand.bynature就其本质而言,天生地natively他天生喜欢绘画。Helikespaintingbynature.truetonature：vivid;livelyThisoil-paintingistruetonature.pay（answer,obey）acallofnature:gototoilete.g.:Excusemeforaminute—Imustpayacallofnaturebeforeweleave.confession:theactofadmittingthatyouhavedonesomethingthatyouareashamedoforembarrassedabout.makeaconfession:招供坦白Ihavebecomemostawareofmylackofaproper…be/becomeawareof:意识到，明白，了解他好像没有意识到这个问题。Hedoesn'tseemtobeawareoftheproblems.asfarasI’maware据我所知•see,comprehend,understand,appreciate•1.see的基本意思可指一般视觉的“看见”,也可指有意识地“观察”,引申可表示由观察而“领会”“理解”。•2.comprehend指用智力充分而完全地理解事物的内在含义。例如:•那孩子看了这篇故事,但没有理解它的全部意思。•Thechildreadthestorybutdidn'tcomprehenditsfullmeaning.•如果你能正确、有效地使用一个词,你就是了解它了。•Ifyoucanuseawordcorrectlyandeffectivelyyoucomprehendit.•3.understand则是明白别人说的话,完全了解某种事实。例如:•这封信我已经看过了,可是看不懂。•I'vereadtheletterbutIdon'tunderstandit.•4.appreciate指对某物有较深的理解能力,强调“欣赏”。例如:•我不会欣赏古典音乐。•Iamincapableofappreciatingclassicalmusic.•…forwhichmyeducationmighthavebeenadequate,…•enoughorgoodenoughforaparticularpurposeorneed;havingthenecessaryabilityorqualities•我们有足够的食物可以做一星期的旅行。•Wehadadequatefoodforaweek'sjourney.•Ihopehewillbeadequatetothejob.•我希望他将胜任这一工作。•enough,adequate,ample,sufficient•这组词都有“足够的”意思。其区别在于：•1.enough为一般用语,有时可与adequate互换。enough常偏重表示数量或程度;而adequate既可用于描述数量或程度,也可用于描述性质、质量。•2.adequate表示“仅够满足”“恰好满足”;enough和sufficient还可表示足够满足;而ample表示充足而有余,即amplesufficientenoughadequate。•3.sufficient与enough同义,确切程度比enough大,前者多用于需要的满足,后者则多用于欲望的满足;前者多用于书面语,后者多用于口语。•Geographyhadinstructedmeindifferencesofterrain…•instructsb.inasubject/skill:toteachsb.sth.•威廉博士教我们植物学。•Dr.Williamsinstructsusinbotany.•instruct,educate,school,teach,train•这组词的共同意思是“教”,指向学生传授知识、技能等,但含义和用法上有所区别：•1.teach的概念最广泛,意义最普通,可以指讲授一门课程,也可指传授一种技能,也可能仅指帮助别人能解决一些问题或处理事情。而instruct,educate,train和school则各有其侧重点。instruct强调的是“系统性”;educate强调的是“总体性”;train强调的是“方向性”,而school强调的则是“严格性”。现分述如下：•①instruct与teach的区别在于其“系统性”,即“系统教授”,内容上是系统的知识,方法上是连续地、正式地。例如:•威廉博士教代数课•Dr.Williamsinstructsclassesinalgebra.•②educate比teach更为正式,强调的是教育的总目标和培养结果,内容很广泛,所花的时间也较长,教育的内容不仅是知识,更多的是做人的道理,如：世界观、性格、品质等。例如:•有些学校只教给学生知识,却忽略了育人。•Someschoolsteach,butfailtoeducatetheirstudents.•③train指的“教育”带有明显的方向性,或者造就某方面需要的人才,或者是训练某种特殊技能,以达到体力极佳、智力极强、反应极敏锐,从而迅速地胜任某种工作、任务或参加某比赛,也可以用于驯服动物或使植物向某方向生长。在训练方法上,train指由易到难,循序渐进,在这一点上与instruct有些接近。例如:•他们在这所学校里得到训练,成为兽医。•Theyweretrainedasanimaldoctorsinthisschool.•④school强调教育和训练的严格性,指在某一方面进行特别严格的训练,也指学会忍耐难以忍受之事或锻炼和严格约束自己处理一些复杂困难事情的意思。例如:•她在外语方面受到过严格训练。•Shewasschooledinforeignlanguages.•家长们严格教育子女们讲礼貌。•Theparentsschooledtheirchildreninpoliteness.•Hewasschooledbylifeitself.•生活本身锻炼了他。•2.teach和instruct在用法上也不同,teach接sb.Sth.;而instruct接sb.insth.。试比较下面两个句子：•史密斯先生教我们英语。•Mr.SmithtaughtusEnglish.•Mr.SmithinstructedusinEnglish.•另外,两词接to-v时意思也不同：teachsb.to-v的意思是“教某人做某事”,而instructsb.to-v的意思是命令或通知某人做某事。例如:•Hetaughtustorunthemachine.•他教我们开机器。•Thecaptaininstructedthesoldierstoretreat.•上尉命令士兵们撤退。•Comparativeculturehadinstructedmeinthedifferencesofbackgroundandgroupinterests.•groupinterests(利益）:interestsofethnic,social,politicalgroups•fundamentalinterests根本利益•immediateinterests切身利益；眼前利益；当前利益•interests股权，股份businessinterests企业界；企业股•Inthoserespectsmyeduc