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现在完成时与过去完成时的区别Thepresentperfecttense&Thepastperfecttense形式现在完成时have/has+doneShehaswaitedhereforanhour.过去完成时had+doneBytheendoflasttermwehadlearned4000Englishwords.概念现在完成时1.表示过去发生的对现在有影响的动作；Ihaveseenthefilmmanytimes，soIwon’tgowithyou.2.表示过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。Hehaslivedheresince1949.概念过去完成时表示过去某一时刻以前已经开始并一直延续到这一时刻或在此刻前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”.Bytheendoflasttermwehadlearned4000Englishwords.WhenIgotthere,thebushadalreadygone.BeforeImether,Ihadheardalotabouther.Bythetimewegottothecinema,thefilmhadbeenonforfiveminutes.表示意向的动词如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等用过去完成时表示原本想做但并未完成的动作eg.Ihadhopedthatyouwouldcometomyparty.练习1.Ihavethisnicewatchfortwoyears.(A)had(B)bought(C)borrowed(D)lend2.I___900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten.(A)learned(B)waslearning(C)hadlearned(D)learnt3.Itissaidthathe________senttoAustraliatoimprovehisEnglish.(be)4.ThelivingstandardofthepeopleinNanjing________since1983.(rise)5.It_________(stop)rainingwhenIwokeupthismorning.hasbeenhasrisenhadstoppedcover,earn,fail,make,permitTsinghuaUniversityhasmadeswimmingacompulsorycourseforallstudents.Thosewhoarenotabletoswimwillnotbepermittedtograduate.Thenewregulation,startingthisyear,statesthatallstudentsmustpassaswimtest,andthosewhofailmusttakeaswimmingcourse.Studentscantaketheswimmingcourseanytimeinthelatterthreeyearsoftheiruniversityexperience.A“pass”canbeearnedbycovering50metersusingbreaststroke(蛙泳),butterfly,freestyleorbackstroke(仰泳).failvt&vi不能；未能；失败Wetriedbutfailed.failtodosth:Itisveryimportanttofindoutwhyyoufailedtoachieveyourgoal.Ineverfailtophonemyparentsontheirbirthdays.vt&vi没有通过(考试)；不及格；评定(某人)不及格Herworkwassobadthattheteacherhadnochoicebuttofailher.Ipassedinhistorybutfailed(in)chemistry.vi出故障；失灵Hesawaterribleaccidentinwhichatram’sbrakesfailed.vi[常用于进行时](健康、体力、视力等)衰退；减弱；消失Hiseyesightisfailing.Shehassufferedfromfailinghealth.vt使失望(=letdown)；使无能为力Whenweneededhishelp,hefailedus.Wordsfailme(=IcannotexpresshowIfeel).claim,cover,hold,remindAphotoofanoldwomanholdingupanumbrellaforayoungchildhasrecentlygoneviral(流行起来)onChina’ssocialmedia.Inthephoto,thekidisnotatallcoveredbytheumbrella,whichlooksamusing.Thegirl,fromHefeiCityofAnhuiProvince,is2yearsold.Theoldwomanishergrandmother.Theywereontheirwaytoawetmarket(鲜货市场)toclaimthemilkbottlelefttherethepreviousday.Thegrandmotherdidn’trealizethefunnysceneuntilapasser-by,whoalsotookthepicture,remindedher.Claimv./n.声称,断言,主张；索要,索赔；认领Theproductclaimsthatitcanmakeyouthinwithdieting.Thegirlsclaimtohaveseenthefairies.Youcanclaimontheinsuranceifyouhaveanaccidentwhileonholiday.Ifyouarestillnotsatisfied,youmaybeabletoclaimcompensation.Lostpropertycanbeclaimedbetween10a.mand4p.m.allow,hold,remain,rememberEveryonealwaysrememberstowashhisorherhandsandbodyattheendoftheday,butmanytimesneglecttheirphonescreen.Thereasonwhyyourphoneholdssomanygerms(细菌)isthatitremainswarmthroughoutthedaybecauseofhowoftenweuseit.Thewarmenvironmentallowsbacteriatogrowveryeasilyandputsyouatagreaterriskofgettinginfected.remainv.[作系动词]保持；仍然是remainsilent/seated保持沉默/继续坐着Manyofhissongshaveremainedpopularasever.Lightpollutionhasremainedunsolvedforyears.留存；剩下；遗留Verylittleofthehouseremainedafterthefire.[正式用语]停留；逗留(近stay)remainat/in/with:Weweretoldtoremaininourseatswithourseatbeltsfastened.TherestofhisfamilyremainedinEurope.留待；尚待①remaintobedone:Majorquestionsremaintobeansweredabouthiswork.关于他②itremainstobeseen+wh-从句：Itremainstobeseenwhetheryouareright.►remainingadj[只用于名词前]留下的；剩下的remainsn[复数]残留物；遗迹；遗体Shefedtheremainsofherlunchtothedog.Whatdotheremainstellusabouttheevolutionofthehumanrace?admit,promise,remainManyloyalTrumpsupportersdonotwanttoadmitthatPresidentTrumpisdifferentfromcandidateTrump.Duringthecampaign,TrumpsaidtheNAFTA(北美自由贸易协定)wasabaddealandthat,ifelected,hewouldpulltheU.S.outofNAFTA.Yesterday,PresidentTrumpsaidthathewouldnotpulltheU.S.outofNAFTA,atleastfornow.TheU.S.willremainpartofNAFTA.Trumpsupporterswilljustify(为…辩护)thePresident’slatestadjustmentinfulfillingwhathepromisedduringthecampaignasnothingmorethanapresidentcomingtounderstandthecomplexitiesofthejob.promisen.[C]诺言；许诺；承诺breakapromise违背诺言carryoutone’spromise履行诺言keep/liveuptoapromise信守诺言Imadeapromisetomyselfthatthisyear,mylastyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.Don’tforgetyourpromisetovisitmenextweek.Givemeyourpromisethatyou’llneverbelateagain.[U](有)前途；(有)指望Heisayoungmanfullofpromise.Herworkshowsgreatpromise.■vvt&vi承诺；保证；答应TheUKpromisestoreduceitscarbonemissionsby80percentby2050.Ipromiseyou(that)you’llneverhavetowaitformeagain.I’vepromisedthebooktoSusan.vt有…的希望；预示…可能发生Thosecloudspromiseraintomorrow.Itpromisestobeafineday.promisingadj有希望的；有前途的Youshouldrealizethatyouareyoungandhaveapromisinggreatfuture.Thankyou！